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FOREWORD 

BROADLY speaking, the purpose of the school 
of applied science is to give its students such 
a training as will enable them to attain the highest 
success in their professional careers, and at the same 
time to educate them so liberally that they may be 
well fitted for the private and social responsibilities 
that lie before them. With this end in view, our 
Alma Mater aims to combine a technological with a 
cultural education ; her ideal is to produce profes- 
sional leaders who at the same time shall be broad- 
minded men. 

The world at large, unfortunately, knows but little 
of Undergraduate Technology, of the opportunities — 
educational and social — which the Institute has to 
offer ; and the need of a book which should be, in 
the best sense, descriptive of the School has long been 
felt by both alumni and undergraduates. The present 
publication contains information which it is hoped will 
be equally of interest to prospective students and to 
those who have just entered the Institute. 



IF this little volume fulfils its purpose of making 
better known the real Technology, it will be 
largely due to the suggestions and help received from 
the Faculty and Instructing StaflF, to the generosity 
of numerous Alumni, and to the hearty co-opera- 
tion of many others interested in the welfare of the 
School. 

As students of M. I. T., we desire to express our 
appreciation of the kind assistance which has made 
possible the completion of this undertaking, and es- 
pecially to extend our thanks to Arthur A. Noyes, 
former acting president ; to Alfred E. Burton, dean ; 
to Henry G. Pearson, associate professor of English ; 
and to Isaac W. Litchfield of the alumni asso- 
ciation. 



CONTENTS 



"THE INSTITUTK" 

Historical Sketch i 

Characteristics of the Institute Plan of Education 8 

THE INSTITUTE COURSES. 

The Choice of a Course of Study 1 1 

Civil Engineering (Course I) i8 

Mechanical Engineering (Course II) 20 

Mining Engineering and Metallurgy (Course III) 23 

Architecture (Course IV) 26 

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (Courses V and X) 2I 

Electrical Engineering (Course VI) 30 

Biology (Course VII) 33 

Physics (Course VIII) 34 

Sanitary Engineering (Course XI) 36 

Naval Architecture (Course XIII) 38 

Electrochemistry (Course XIV) 40 

UNDERGRADUATE LIFE. 

The Union 43 

Fraternities 4^ 

Clubs and Societies 50 

The Institute Committee 59 

Class Organization 60 

The Tech Show 70 



CONTENTS 



Technique 75 

The Tech 77 

The Senior Portfolio 79 

Calendar 79 

ATHLETICS 85 

Qualifications for Letters and Numerals 94 

M. I. T. Records 97 

THE ALUMNI 98 

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

The Cage 1 02 

Registration 1 02 

Student Banking System 1 06 

Student Boarding-House Bureau 106 

Medical Adviser 1 07 

Bulletin and Advertising Boards 107 

The Library 108 

Summer Schools 108 

Scholarships 1 09 

Employment Bureau no 

Freshman Drill 1 11 

Physical Training 112 

The Point System 113 

BUSINESS CARDS OF TECHNOLOGY ALUMNI 117 

INDEX 129 



*^THE INSTITUTE'' 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

THE history of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology is intimately bound up with the lives of two 
great men, William Barton Rogers and Francis Amasa 
Walker ; for it was these far-seeing leaders who, with the 
cordial cooperation of an enthusiastic and devoted Faculty, 
gave to the Institute not only a unique educational system, 
but also a policy which demanded of its students a severe 
standard of achievement and high ideals of service. 

Rogers, as an old pupil of his has said, was a great man 
because he was a great teacher. Professor of Natural 
Philosophy and Geology at the University of Virginia, 
State Geologist of Virginia, and holding a brilliant and 
commanding position as a popular lecturer in a time when 
the lecture was one of the greatest forces in the com- 
munity, he was in a position to see clearly the unrealized 
possibilities of scientific education. As early as 1846 Pro- 
fessor Rogers in a letter to his brother unfolded plans 
then germinating in his mind for a Polytechnic Institu- 
tion. 

In 1853 he resigned his professorship and moved to 
Boston, of which city he had written some years before, 
*'I have felt persuaded that of all places in the world it 
was the one most certain to derive the highest benefits 
from a Polytechnic Institution. The occupations and in- 
terests of the great mass of the people are immediately 



2 ^'THE INSTITUTE" 

connected with the applications of physical science, and 
their quick intelligence h^s already impressed them with 
just ideas of the value of scientific teaching in their daily 
pursuits/' 

A few years later, when the newly filled lands of the 
Back Bay were to be sold by the state, and when Gov- 
ernor Banks suggested that the proceeds might well be 
devoted to ^^such public educational improvements as will 
keep the name of the Commonwealth forever green," 
Rogers saw his opportunity. In i860 he prepared a 
memorial asking that the land between Boylston, New- 
bury, Berkeley, and Clarendon streets be set apart for 
scientific and technical museums and for a polytechnic 
college. In i860 the volunteer committee in charge of 
this movement adopted a definite plan for **an Institute 
of Technology, including a Society of Arts, a Museum 
of Arts, and a School of Industrial Science." A strong 
group of public-spirited citizens gathered to the support 
of this program. In the fall of i860 articles of incor- 
poration were drawn up, and on April 10, 1861, Gov- 
ernor John A. Andrew signed the bill establishing the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and granting to 
it the land specified in the memorial. In 1863 the legis- 
lature allotted to the Institute one-third of the sum granted 
to the state by the national government, thus making it 
the College of Mechanic Arts of the Commonwealth 
under the general terms of the Land Grant Act, which 
assigned to educational purposes the proceeds of the sale 
of western lands. 

The institution thus established was a pioneer in many 
respects; but so wisely were its foundations laid that, in 
the present flux of doubt and questioning as to the general 
tendencies of higher education, the Institute policies still 
stand firm. Both the aims and the methods of the Insti- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 3 

tutc were novel ones. The traditional education was clas- 
sical and academic. The Institute insisted upon the study 
of physical science, not merely because of its practical 
significance, but also as an essential part of any system 
of general education. Its students were not merely to 
be equipped for the performance of the technical part of 
the activities of the business world. It was no specialized 
industrial training that Rogers planned. ''The true and 
only practicable object of a Polytechnic School is, as I 
conceive," he said, ''the teaching, not of the manipula- 
tions and minute details of the arts, which can be done 
only in the workshop, but the inculcation of all the 
scientific principles which form the basis and explanation 
of them, along with a full and methodical review of 
all their leading processes and operations in connection 
with physical laws." Whether a student at the Institute 
studies civil, mechanical, or electrical engineering, archi- 
tecture, chemistry, or biology, is a matter of individual 
preference. In whichever department he works he gains 
the scientific point of view, the mastery of fundamental 
principles, the power of hard work, the faculty of adapt- 
ing means to ends, that form the groundwork of a suc- 
cessful career in any line of applied science whatsoever. 
Furthermore, it was an essential part of the original 
plan of the Institute to combine with a scientific train- 
ing a general acquaintance with humanistic studies, such 
as literature, history, language, economics, and govern- 
ment, so that its students might receive a broad and 
liberal culture. As to educational methods the policy 
of the Institute was almost equally revolutionar}'. The 
system of laboratory instruction was given here a unique 
prominence, and from it resulted the insistence on per- 
sonal contact between student and instructor which is 
especially characteristic of Institute methods. 



4 "THE INSTITUTE" 

The School of Industrial Science of the Institute 
opened on February 20, 1865, with a class of only fifteen 
students, but a rapid increase in numbers took place in 
the next few years. President Rogers guided the destinies 
of the growing school until 1870, when illness compelled 
his resignation, and John D. Runkle, Professor of 
Mathematics in the Institute, took his place, serving as 
president till 1878. The decade from 1870 to 1880 was 
the most critical one in the history of the Institute, 
largely owing to the serious financial depression prevailing 
throughout the country, and but for the almost heroic 
devotion of the Faculty and the courage and generosity 
of a few stalwart friends, the Institute must have closed 
its doors. In spite of failing health. President Rogers 
again undertook the duties of the presidency in 1878. 
He carried the school through this critical period, and 
in 1880 selected Francis A. Walker as the man best fitted 
to carry on his work. Death came to the founder of 
the Institute upon the platform of Huntington Hall while 
he was addressing the graduating class of ^82. In the 
words of his successor, **A11 his life he had borne him- 
self faithfully and heroically, and he died, as so good 
a knight would surely have wished, in harness, at his 
post, and in the very part and act of public duty." 

Francis Amasa Walker was inaugurated as president 
in 1 88 1. He had graduated at Amherst in i860 and 
in the next year had enlisted in the 15th Massachusetts 
Volunteers. He served with distinction in the Peninsular 
campaign and at Fredericksburg and was seriously 
wounded at Chancellorsville. For "gallant and meritor- 
ious services" in this battle he received the brevets of 
colonel and brigadier-general. During the advance upon 
Richmond in 1864 he was taken prisoner, and after six 
weeks in Libby Prison was released upon parole. After 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 5 

\he close of the war he made a brilliant record as Director 
of the Ninth and Tenth censuses. In 1873 he became 
Professor of Political Economy in the Sheffield Scientific 
School at Yale, from which position he was called to the 
presidency of the Institute. 

During Walker's administration the Institute grew 
** from a struggling technical school to a great scientific 
university/' In 1881 there was only one important build- 
ing; the instructing staff numbered 37 and the student 
body 302. In 1897, when General Walker died, like 
Rogers, at his post, the Walker Building, the two 
Engineering buildings, and the Garrison Street shops 
had been added to the material plant; there were 130 
members of the instructing staff and 1200 students. Of 
far more consequence, however, than mere growth in 
numbers was Walker's influence upon the intellectual and 
moral tone of the school. ^* Soldier, economist, statisti- 
cian," he was in hearty sympathy with everything that 
made for broad and liberal culture. The departments of 
literature and political economy were developed, and the 
strength and breadth of training w^hich Rogers' prevision 
had planned was brought to fruition under his successor. 
Greatest of all, however, was Walker's personal influence. 
His courage, energy, and enthusiasm, and aggressive en- 
dorsement of the Institute's plan of education were the 
main elements in its successful development. The spirit 
of Technology to-day is in large measure the reflection of 
the spirit of President Walker. 

On Walker's death in 1897, Professor James M. Crafts 
acted as president for a short period, and upon his resigna- 
tion in 1900 Dr. Henry S. Pritchett was called to the 
presidency from the directorship of the Coast and Geodetic 
Survey. The most notable work of his administration 
was perhaps the development of social activities and the 



6 " THE INSTITUTE " 

betterment of the physical condition of student life. In 
1 90 1 a fund of $100,000 was subscribed by Alumni to be 
used for a g}^mnasium and clubhouse as a memorial to 
President Walker, which will be erected as soon as the 
future site of the Institute is secured. In 1902 the Tech- 
nolog}^ Field in Brookline was laid out for track and 
field athletics. Pending the completion of the Walker 
Memorial, the Technology Union was established. The 
growth of the last five years has placed the Institute in 
the forefront of American colleges as an exponent of a 
sane and well-developed student life. 

In 1904 and 1905 a definite plan for a closer affiliation 
and an organic connection between the Institute of Tech- 
nology and Harvard University was carefully considered. 
After full discussion of its merits, strong disapproval 
of the plan was expressed by the Faculty and Alumni. The 
plan was finally abandoned in 1905. The discontinuance 
of the Lawrence Scientific School and the establishment of 
the Graduate School of Applied Science at Harvard have 
since removed all competition between the institutions; 
and each is to be independently developed along its own 
characteristic lines. 

On Dr. Pritchett's resignation in 1907, his place was 
filled temporarily by Dr. Arthur A. Noyes, '86, who 
gave up congenial work as Director of the Laboratory of 
Physical Chemistry at the Institute, in which he had 
gained an international repute, for the trying and un- 
familiar labor of administrative duties. The Institute 
needed him ; and the response was complete and satisfying. 
The two years of his administration were marked by 
notable progress along educational lines. The conference 
system was instituted, by which students of the lower 
classes are brought into direct contact with their in- 
structors for personal help and guidance. Physical train- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 7 

ing was introduced as a requirement for all first-year 
students. Five-year courses leading to the Bachelor's 
degree in two departments of study, by which the student 
is enabled to get a broader training or one in two related 
professional lines, were greatly developed. Advanced 
courses of study for graduate students were provided in 
almost all of the departments. A research laboratory 
of Applied Chemistry was added to the existing research 
departments of Physical Chemistry and Sanitary Science; 
and in 1907 the degree of Doctor of Philosophy was first 
conferred by the Institute. In 1908 a new building was 
erected in order to provide more suitable quarters for 
the Technology Union and a common dining-room for 
students. 

On November 11, 1908, Professor Richard C. Mac- 
laurin, of the Department of Physics at Columbia Uni- 
versity, was elected, and on June 7, 1909, he was in- 
augurated as President of the Institute. As a distinguished 
scholar in two distinct branches of learning, mathematical 
physics and law, and a man of wide experience in the 
educational systems of three continents, his coming marks 
the beginning of a new epoch in the history of the In- 
stitute. Its growth necessitates an extension of its material 
facilities, which within a few years is to be provided for 
by rebuilding the Institute upon a new site. Meanwhile, 
in carrying out the new development there will be no 
sacrifice of the old ideals, of the present standard of 
scholarship, and of breadth and thoroughness of training. 
Whatever outward changes the Institute may undergo, 
it must, in the words of President Maclaurin, retain 
''the old spirit, that spirit of thoroughness, breadth, high- 
mindedness, and loyalty that makes the brand of a Tech 
man.'* 



THE INSTITUTE " 



CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTITUTE 
PLAN OF EDUCATION^ 

FIRST among those characteristics is to be mentioned 
the fact that from the beginning to the end of 
the period of study a definite aim is kept before the 
student, and the character and sequence of his studies 
are largely prescribed in such a manner as will in the 
opinion of the Faculty best lead to the desired end. The 
student selects at the beginning of his second year the 
profession for which he desires to prepare himself; but 
the Faculty with its broader experience then determines 
in large measure the studies w^hich are best adapted to 
fit him for his lifework. It is believed that the unlimited 
freedom of choice permitted at many colleges commonly 
results either in superficiality rather than in soundness 
of training, or in narrowness of professional knowledge, 
rather than in breadth of culture. 

In planning its courses of study, the Institute has fol- 
lowed the idea that the three sides of education which 
are expressed by the words knowledge, mental training, 
and culture, must go hand in hand, each being kept 
steadily in view throughout the whole period of study. 
It lays, however, especial emphasis on the principle that 
the training of the mind and the formation of sound 
habits of thought and of work must be the main object 
striven for in the earlier years of that period. It holds, 



1 Extract from the address of Dr. Arthur A. Noyes at the 
inauguration of President Maclaurin. 



PLAN OF EDUCATION 9 

in the words of one of our great American psychologists, 
that "the man who has daily inured himself to habits 
of concentrated attention, energetic exercise of will, and 
self-denial in unnecessary things, will stand like a tower 
when everything rocks around him and when his softer 
fellow-mortals are winnowed like chaff in the blast." 
On the other hand, the Institute holds that the breadth of 
view and liberality of judgment which constitute culture 
must be acquired gradually, as the student advances in 
maturity and experience, and this can be done more 
rapidly in his later than in his earlier years, and more 
effectively by personal contact with his teachers and fel- 
low-students than by attendance at a variety of lecture 
courses on those subjects which through the traditions of 
education have come to be regarded as the main sources 
of liberal culture. Thus in these respects the system of 
education which the Institute typifies stands in sharp con- 
trast with the university system, of which the principle 
is that the purely cultural education of the college shall 
precede the strictly professional training of the graduate 
school. 

Another characteristic of the Institute is that it has 
developed in an unusual degree conditions of personal 
contact between instructor and students, through the fact 
that most of its instruction is given to small sections of 
students or to individuals in the laboratories, drawing- 
rooms, and class-rooms, and through the conferences re- 
cently introduced in first and second year physics. 

The Institute lays, moreover, special emphasis on the 
study of science; for training in scientific method and 
acquirement of the scientific spirit are considered to be 
not only essentials to professional success, but fundamental 
elements in culture and in life. To the question what 
knowledge is of most worth, it answers science, as did 



lo "THE INSTITUTE" 

Herbert Spencer fifty years ago. And with him it holds 
that ''for discipline as well as for guidance, for intellectual 
as well as for moral training, the study of science pro- 
perly pursued is of chiefest value." It therefore aims 
to give its students such a scientific training as will make 
them efficient agents in promoting the advancement of 
science and its applications to the useful and liberal arts. 
Efficiency is the key-note of the Institute's system of educa- 
tion ; but at the same time the significance of culture is not 
underestimated ; and as an important means of securing 
it, the value of studies in history, politics, literature, 
language, and art is fully recognized and they are given 
a prominent position in our curriculum. 

Finally, it should be mentioned that, in conformity 
with these ideals, there have been developed at the In- 
stitute conditions of student life from which there has 
resulted a more duly proportioned division of time and 
interest between the studies and the social and athletic 
activities of students than prevails at many colleges. The 
standard of scholarship which the Faculty demands of its 
students is inconsistent with an excessive devotion to out- 
side pursuits, and with undue subordination of the intel- 
lectual to the physical and social interests. Yet, on the 
other hand, it should be realized that the student life of 
the Institute is at the present time so developed as to 
afford abundant opportunity for recreation and good fel- 
lowship, and for the cultivation of athletic, literary, artis- 
tic, and professional activities, as will be fully illustrated 
by the later chapters of this book. 



THE INSTITUTE COURSES 



L 



The Choice of a Course of Study* 

ET us first consider the principles on which your 
choice of a course of study should be based. Let me 
ask you, as the first step in this consideration, to bear 
in mind the following words of Francis Parkman, the 
historian, as to what determines success: *'The man 
who knows himself, understands his own powers and 
aptitudes, forms purposes in accord with them, and pursues 
those purposes steadily, is the man of success/' In the 
spirit of this advice, try first of all to determine what 
kind of work you are most fitted for. This you can 
judge of in two ways, — by the results of your work in 
the preparatory school and at the Institute during the 
present year, and by your own tastes and inclinations. 

Consider first in what kind of studies you are most 
interested and have been most successful: whether in 
mathematics, or mechanic arts and drawing, or artistic 
design, or the physical sciences like physics and chemistry, 
or the natural sciences like geology or biology, or litera- 
ture, language, history, and political and social sciences. 

Consider, too, in what general directions your interests 
and tastes lie: whether they are those of the engineer, who 
executes scientific works; or those of the mechanical inven- 
tor, who plans and constructs machines; or those of the 
applied scientist, who investigates and supervises indus- 
trial processes; or those of the artist, who designs works 



1 Extract from an address to the First- Year Class by the 
President of the Institute. 

II 



12 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

of beauty; or those of the scientific scholar and teacher, 
who studies, investigates, and teaches for the sake of ad- 
vancing human knowledge. 

Consider finally how far these different subjects of 
study and different aptitudes are involved in the various 
courses given at the Institute. To make this matter 
clearer, let us arrange the courses in groups and review 
them. First, there is the large group of engineering 
courses which rest almost wholly on the sciences of mathe- 
matics, mechanics, and electricity. This group consists of 
the Courses in Civil and Sanitary Engineering, those in 
Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, and 
those in Electrical Engineering and Electrochemistry. 
Since the six courses in this group are based on the science 
of mathematics, they should not be taken by a student who 
does not have a distinct aptitude for this subject. Of 
course, a single failure this term should not lead you to 
conclude that you do not possess this aptitude ; but if after 
you have had the whole year's work in mathematics, and 
have thus given the subject a fair test, you do not succeed 
in it, do not hesitate to give up the thought of taking one 
of these mathematical courses. Most of the men who fail 
in our strictly engineering courses do so for lack of mathe- 
matical aptitude, and many of them would make a success 
in other kinds of scientific work that are less dependent 
on mathematics. Perseverance is a virtue, but it becomes 
perversity when carried too far. Therefore do not be led 
by any false notions of the merit of persistence into con- 
tinuing in a course in which you cannot do your best 
work; and especially do not be influenced by the idea 
that you came to the Institute to pursue a particular 
course, but revise that decision in the light of your added 
experience. 



CHOICE OF COURSE 13 

There is another group of courses in engineering or 
applied science which involve mathematics and mechanics, 
but in which these subjects form a less essential part. 
These are the Courses in Mining Engineering and Metal- 
lurgy and in Chemical Engineering. Since these courses 
involve much chemistry as well as some mathematics, they 
should be taken only by those who are interested and 
successful in chemistry and w^ho have a fair degree of 
proficiency in mathematics. 

Then there are the non-mathematical courses in applied 
science, — in Chemistry, Biology and Geology and Geodesy. 
These courses, just as distinctly as the engineering courses, 
lead to technological or scientific professions. To be suc- 
cessful in these courses, a man needs not mathematical 
ability, but the qualities of the scientist, — the desire to 
know for its own sake and to make discoveries, the ability 
to devise new processes and methods, and to make im- 
provement in old ones. The engineer is primarily the 
man who directs the construction of w^orks or machines 
and the installation of apparatus for the carrying on 
of industrial operations: he is the executor of scientific 
undertakings. The chemist or biologist who devotes him- 
self to industrial work is the man w^ho primarily devises 
and improves methods and processes: he is the scientific 
expert and originator. In any technological profession 
the combination of these two faculties is, of course, highly 
desirable: the engineer to reach the highest success must 
be able to originate, and the applied scientist must be able 
to execute; but the primary distinctions between their 
activities are those I have stated. For example, the chem- 
ist devises an improvement in the process of making rub- 
ber, or paper, or leather; the engineer builds the machin- 
ery, arranges for the power, and secures the materials 
required for its practical execution. Consider, then, 



14 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

whether your interest and aptitude He rather on the side 
of practical execution or on that of the study, Investiga- 
tion, and origination of new processes. 

The Course in Architecture stands to some extent by 
itself. Architecture is a fine art. Its object is not merely 
the erection of structures for utilitarian purposes: it is 
rather the design of structures that are objects of beauty. 
The architect cannot afford to forget that *'a thing of 
beauty is a joy forever," and that a building which is not 
a thing of beauty is an eyesore forever. Since in this 
Course much drawing and original design are required, it 
should be taken only by those who are good at drawing 
and design and who have an artistic taste. 

I wish also to say a few words about the pure science 
courses, — those in Physics, Biology, Geology, and the 
physico-chemical option of that in Chemistry; for a suffi- 
cient number of students do not enter these courses. This 
is all the more regrettable because from these courses 
have come some of our most distinguished graduates, who 
occupy some of the highest positions in the country. 
Graduates from these courses become teachers in the larger 
high schools and academies, professors in colleges and 
scientific schools, scientific investigators and experts in 
government employ or in research laboratories, and, in the 
case of the Course in Biology, physicians. Those of you 
who are interested in your work in its strictly scientific 
aspects, rather than in its engineering or executive aspects, 
should carefully consider the desirability of preparing 
yourselves for teaching and research positions, especially in 
the higher institutions of learning; for the supply of good 
men for such places is inadequate. Moreover, to a man 
with scholarly tastes, who wishes to study and to make 
investigations and scientific discoveries, who enjoys the 
personal contact with young men, who appreciates the 



CHOICE OF COURSE 15 

opportunity he has for making them into efficient agents 
for the world's work, the position of instructor or professor 
in a college or scientific school is a very attractive one. 
Here again it is a question of aptitude and interests; but 
for the man who possesses the qualities of a successful 
teacher and investigator there is no higher service he 
can render to his country or to his fellow-men than that 
which results from his devoting himself to these pursuits. 
It has been well said that the chief industry of Massa- 
chusetts is the production of men, — and the teacher is 
the engineer who carries on that industry. Bear in mind 
also that it is to the professors in educational institutions, 
and not to practising engineers, that w^e have in the past 
been indebted for almost all the fundamental advances 
in science and technolog}^ and that to the former special 
opportunities for making such discoveries are afforded. 

Let me add a word about the Course in Biology, which 
I have alluded to as leading to the profession of Medicine. 
Since the practice of this profession is based on chemistry 
and biology, a scientific course of the kind given at the 
Institute forms, in the opinion of many, a far better pre- 
paration for the Medical School than the usual college 
course devoted to classics and to humanistic studies. In- 
deed, one reason why m^ore physicians do not rise to scien- 
tific eminence is, I think, that they do not have such 
a thorough scientific training as is given to our engineers. 
Graduates in the Course in Biology are, moreover, pre- 
pared to enter at once into the important field of muni- 
cipal sanitation. 

Finally, let me bring to your attention another oppor- 
tunity which the Institute offers — that of its five-year 
courses, which have been much developed during the 
present year. These courses are of three types. In one 
of these the student supplements all the required work of 



i6 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

one of the regular four-year courses with the equivalent 
of an extra year of study in language, literature, fine arts, 
history, economics, and in the fundamental sciences, 
chemistry, physics, astronomy, geology, and biology. These 
additional general studies are entirely elective. This plan 
of study thus provides in large measure for the breadth of 
scholarship w^hich a college course is designed to supply; 
but it does this by the methods and in the atmosphere of 
the scientific school and with special emphasis upon general 
scientific studies as a part of liberal education. Upon 
students who complete such a course is conferred the 
degree of Bachelor of Science in two departments of study, 
namely, in General Science, and in the branch of engineer- 
ing in which the professional work has been completed. 

A second tj^pe of five-year course makes provision for 
those students who desire to secure a training in two allied 
branches of science or engineering, as in electrical and 
mechanical engineering, mechanical and chemical engineer- 
ing, mining engineering and geology, etc. Such combi- 
nation of knowledge and training is so often required 
in professional practice that the student who has received 
it has exceptional opportunities open to him. For the com- 
pletion of such a course the degree of Bachelor of Science 
in two professional departments of study is awarded. 

In a third type of five-year course, provision is made for 
distributing the work of the last three years of the regular 
four-year courses over four years without additional re- 
quirements, thus reducing the number of subjects required 
in any term. This arrangement affords the opportunity 
for more thorough work in each subject by enabling a 
student to devote more time to outside study and to 
practice in the laboratories, drawing-rooms, and in the 
field; and it enables regular standing to be maintained 
by the slow, thoughtful student, who, though able to 



CHOICE OF COURSE 17 

understand and perform our work satisfactorily, finds it 
difficult to do it properly at the rate and under the pres- 
sure which our four-year schedules involve. This form 
of five-year course was started by the Faculty in recogni- 
tion of the fact that ''the race is not always to the swift/' 
— that the quickest students are often not the most pro- 
found, nor the most successful in after-life, — that 
thoroughness, thoughtfulness, and originality are more 
essential qualities than the power of rapid assimilation of 
knowledge. Those of you, therefore, who find, either 
at the end of this year or during your second year, that 
you are able to understand the various studies and to do 
the problem work and the thinking involved, but cannot 
do it to your satisfaction at the pace of our four-year 
schedules, should change into a five-year course. 

The essence of all I have said is that you should con- 
sider your own tastes and aptitudes in choosing your 
course. Let me again urge you not to be influenced by 
a preconceived idea that you have come to the Institute 
to take a certain course. If your experience this year 
shows that you are better fitted for some other course, 
change to it without hesitation. Another thing, — and on 
this I would lay much emphasis: do not be influenced 
by the idea that one course leads to more remunerative 
positions than another. For competent graduates of every 
course there are more good positions waiting than can be 
filled. Whether you succeed or not will depend simply 
on whether you are fitted to fill these positions satis- 
factorily. So, from this point of view also, it is desir- 
able that you prepare yourself for that profession for which 
you are most adapted. When you have deliberately deter- 
mined what your lifework is to be, you must pursue 
it with energy and determination — when you have come 



1 8 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

fully to ^^understand your own powers and aptitudes/* 
you must **form purposes in accord with them, and pursue 
those purposes steadily'*; but the decision must not be 
formed hastily. 



Civil Engineering 

{Course I) 

One hundred years ago there were two recognized 
branches of engineering, — civil and military, the former 
comprising all engineering work except that for military 
purposes. In those days the civil engineer could cover 
the whole field. The scientific and mechanical dis- 
coveries of the last century, how^ever, have led to the 
differentiation of new branches of the profession, mechan- 
ical engineering, mining engineering, and electrical 
engineering having become separate vocations. Civil 
engineering, however, still remains a very broad field, 
covering the construction of railroads, street railways, 
canals, the improvement of rivers and harbors, the develop- 
ment of water power, the construction of irrigation works, 
of bridges and buildings, and of stationary structures of 
all kinds. 

Broadly speaking, civil engineering may now be divided 
into structural engineering, railroad engineering, sanitary 
engineering, hydraulic engineering, and topographical 
engineering, and each of these separate departments is so 
extensive that the practitioner must choose one of them 
as his specialty. Thus the railroad engineer may know 
little about sanitary engineering, and vice versa. 

The necessary training for the practice of any of these 
branches of engineering must include a thorough study 
of the fundamental principles of several sciences and of 
mathematics and mechanics, and also a study of the 



CIVIL ENGIiNEERING 19 

technical applications of these subjects and of the pro- 
perties of the materials of construction. The engineer, 
also, should do more than make himself a mere technical 
adviser, and should broaden himself outside of the tech- 
nical limits of his profession. More important than the 
question how a bridge shall be built is the question whether 
it shall be built at all. More important than the question 
how a railroad shall be located are the questions whether 
it shall be built and where it shall be located. If the 
engineer is to attain the highest success, he should qualify 
himself to answer questions such as these, which depend 
upon economic, sociological, administrative, and perhaps 
legal considerations. 

The Course in Civil Engineering at the Institute is 
designed to give the student such a foundation in the 
general scientific branches and in their technical applica- 
tion as will equip him for the civil engineering profes- 
sion. In addition to work in the class-room, there is 
much work in the drawing-room and in the field. The 
work of the civil engineer is largely out of doors, and 
a training in the art of surveying is necessary to enable 
the student to engage in the practice of his profession. 

The civil engineer should be a good draughtsman, for 
his first work in the profession will be likely to be in the 
drawing-room. For this reason a training in drawing and 
design is given an important place in the curriculum. 

The civil engineer must have a thorough knowledge 
of the fundamental principles of mathematics and 
mechanics and must be able to use them as a tool in the 
solution of engineering problems. He should, therefore, 
have a taste for those subjects and should enjoy applying 
them to practical problems. 

Besides being trained in science and its application, the 
civil engineer, in order to be successful, must possess com- 



20 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

mon sense and ^^gumption." That is to say, he must 
be able to perceive the true relation of things, he must 
see the proper data for his problems, and he must have 
the vision which will enable him to apply scientific prin- 
ciples properly. 

The opportunities in the profession are large and are 
increasing daily; and any student who goes through the 
course with credit, so that his teachers can recommend 
him, will be almost sure, after graduating, of finding 
ample opportunity to apply his knowledge. 



Mechanical Engineering 

{Course II) 

A YOUNG man who desires to ascertain w^hether he has 
a natural aptitude, and not merely a passing fancy for 
Mechanical Engineering, w^ill probably inquire: What is 
the nature of the work w^hich he will be called upon to 
perform, if he selects that profession; what is the nature 
of the training necessary to prepare him for it; what are 
the opportunities for employment immediately after his 
graduation; what w^ill be the nature of his work at that 
time ; and to what kind of positions can he hope to aspire. 

The following considerations should aid him in answer- 
ing these questions. 

In all industrial enterprises, a very large portion of 
the work of organizing, and nearly all of the work of 
designing, constructing, and operating, falls to the lot 
of the Mechanical Engineer. Thus in any manufacturing 
establishment machinery must be built, installed, and 
operated, buildings and other structures must be erected, 
power plants must be established, heating and ventilating 
systems must be installed, and other engineering work 
must be performed, the arrangement, construction, and 



MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 21 

operation being suitable for the purpose, and of such a 
nature that the work may be accomplished with the 
greatest efficiency and the least cost. All this is equally 
true whether the product is steel rails or shapes, machine 
tools, steam engines (whether stationary, marine, or loco- 
motive), steam or water turbines, sugar, dye-stuffs, elec- 
trical apparatus, or anything else. 

The Course in Mechanical Engineering, therefore, aims 
to equip the student to deal with general engineering 
problems; the instruction given in the class-room, in the 
drawing-room, and in the engineering laboratories being 
designed (i) to give to the student practice in such 
work as engineers, in the pursuit of their profession, are 
called upon to perform; (2) to enable him to base all 
his work upon sound principles, and not upon empirical 
rules; (3) to enable him, by means of a thorough familiar- 
ity with both the theoretical and the practical aspects of 
his business, to deal intelligently with other men; and (4) 
to teach him to perform original investigations; inas- 
much as the ability to conduct them is of great import- 
ance to the practical engineer. 

A great deal of research is carried on, partly in con- 
nection with regularly assigned laboratory work, and 
partly by means of theses, each of these being an engineer- 
ing investigation on a practical scale. These investigations 
may be classified as follows: 

(a) Those made in the laboratory itself. 

(b) Those made at some outside plant. 

In the case of the first, many have for their object the 
determination of results of value to engineers, manufactur- 
ers, and others engaged in industrial pursuits. The 
engineering laboratories are often the means of giving 
direct aid in solving industrial problems, such as deter- 



22 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

mining the efficiency of new devices, or the relative ad- 
vantages of different methods of construction. 

In the second class, a part are such that the results 
are of so much value to the owners of the plant, that, 
in many cases, they have furnished the apparatus, and 
have gone to expense to fit it up with the adjuncts neces- 
sary for carrying on the investigation. In many cases, 
also, the investigations have been made for the purpose 
of solving directly some question affecting the business of 
the owner of the plant. 

The work of the graduate when he first leaves the 
school will necessarily be of a subordinate character, as 
he must first acquire experience in practice which no school 
can supply. He will usually begin work in either the 
draughting-room or in the shops, as these are the natural 
channels that lead to higher positions, the former being 
in many establishments the department whence emanates 
the control of the entire works. Sometimes the graduate, 
immediately after he leaves school, takes a position as 
assistant to the person in charge of some department, and 
has more or less miscellaneous duties of a subordinate 
character, which may have to do with the constructing, 
the inspecting, the estimating, or some other department. 

Another class of work, in which there is a large de- 
mand for graduates, is one where a man is expected to 
deal with both commercial and engineering matters, the 
engineering work being necessary to carry on successfully 
the commercial portion of the v/ork. 

Some of the positions to which the young engineer may 
eventually look forward are those of master mechanic, 
engineer of tests, constructing engineer, contracting engi- 
neer, superintendent of a department, superintendent of 
the works; if he has paid attention also to the business 
side of the work, he may become general manager, treas- 



MINING ENGINEERING 23 

urer, or even president of the establishment. On the other 
hand, he may become an expert or consulting engineer, or 
a teacher. 

As to opportunities for work, it will be sufficient to say 
that, notwithstanding the fact that the number of gradu- 
ates in Mechanical Engineering is very large, the total 
number of those graduated in this department at the 
Institute being thus far nine hundred and twenty-four, 
the demand far exceeds the supply. Notwithstanding the 
general depression in business in the year 1908, all the 
sixty-one graduates of the course in Mechanical Engineer- 
ing in June of that year had found employment by the 
middle of October. 



Mining Engineering and Metallurgy 

{Course III) 

The profession of mining engineering is perhaps the 
most composite in character of any of the so-called 
engineering professions. The location, development, and 
operation of mines calls into play to a greater or lesser 
extent, according to local conditions, the arts of the civil, 
the mechanical, and the electrical engineer, as well as 
those of the chemist and the geologist. While the metal- 
lurgical engineer is more nearly concerned with the treat- 
ment of the ore after it has passed from the province 
supervised by the mining engineer, he has still problems 
which have to be worked out by the arts of several co- 
ordinate engineering professions; and it also frequently 
happens in actual practice that the mining engineer is 
called upon to cover, in his professional capacity, much that 
lies more properly within the province of the metallurgist. 
Although it is out of the question to expect one man to 
be an expert in more than one or perhaps two of the 



24 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

branches of such a profession, he must, if he is to attain 
a high rank as an engineer, be sufficiently familiar with 
the practice of these various branches to be able to use 
them in his work, and he must have such a true apprecia- 
tion of their value that he may know when to fortify his 
own skill with outside help for the successful solution of 
any particular problem. 

It follows, therefore, that a course of study designed to 
prepare a man for such a profession must first of all in- 
clude thorough work in the fundamental sciences under- 
lying the various kinds of professional work enumerated. 
It must also point out and illustrate, so far as time and 
opportunity permit, the methods of applying these sciences 
to the problems of the engineer. It is believed to be be- 
yond the province, if not the power, of an undergraduate 
course of study to give the student a thorough training 
in fundamentals and at the same time to give him very 
much experience in the technical details of the profession 
which are obtained effectively only by actual and extensive 
professional experience. Emphasis is, therefore, laid upon 
training the students to do things scientifically and well 
rather than upon technical details. Furthermore, the best 
experience shows that the most favorable place to obtain 
such a training is in schools, where, as at the Institute, 
there exist strong courses leading to the other coordinate 
engineering professions, for there the student has the best 
facilities for contact with the latest and most highly de- 
veloped results of engineering science and its application 
along the several closely related lines of work. Such ad- 
vantages far more than offset those to be derived from 
mere proximity to great mining centres. 

The Course in Mining and Metallurgical Engineering 
at the Institute has been divided into three options in 



xMINING ENGINEERING 25 

order to meet the requirements of men who wish some 
particular side of mining work. 

Option I offers a broad training in the fundamental 
principles of chemistry, physics, mechanics, geology, min- 
eralogy, petrology, and surveying, and in their application 
to mining and metallurgy. It aims to prepare a man to 
become a general mining engineer. 

Option II, which is designed to fit one to take up work 
as a metallurgical engineer, devotes more time to the 
metallurgical, mechanical, and chemical studies, and less 
to geological work and to surveying. 

Option III differs from Option I only in the fourth 
year, when considerable time is devoted to petrology and 
advanced geological w^ork, instead of to a corresponding 
amount of mining and mechanical work. It aims to meet 
the needs of such men as desire eventually to pay par- 
ticular attention to the geological examination of mineral 
deposits. 

For those who have the time and money and w^ho care 
to do so, the course may be extended to five years, thus 
giving a still broader and stronger preparation. Again, 
others who desire to pursue their studies further than it 
is possible to do in four years, prefer to complete one of 
the regular options and then to spend a fifth year in 
special study of such subjects as ore concentration, elec- 
tricity, or geology. 

In the summer vacations opportunities are afforded for 
elective work in practical mining, metallurgy, and geology. 

The ever-increasing scale on which mining and metal- 
lurgical operations are being carried on, the opening up 
of new mining regions, the rejuvenation of old ones; the 
treatment of new kinds of ore, as well as the treatment 
of old ones by new methods, and the universal application 
of new discoveries in science and technology to the work- 



26 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

ing-out of problems deemed almost impossible of solution 
a decade ago, — these furnish in mining, as in other pro- 
fessions, unequalled opportunities for properly qualified 
and energetic young men to advance rapidly to positions 
of responsibility and usefulness, accompanied by a corre- 
spondingly high remuneration. 



Architecture 

(Course IV) 

The successful architect of to-day must have a broad 
general culture, must be a master of design, and 
should possess a thorough knovi^ledge of the principles 
underlying sound construction. He must unite, in a 
measure, the artist and the man of affairs, and at the same 
time be able to discuss scientific problems w^ith mechani- 
cal, electrical, and sanitary engineers. He must be able 
to meet intelligently on their own ground the skilful 
artists vv^ith whom he is coming more and more in touch 
among carvers, modellers, iron-workers, glass-workers, and 
decorators, and must be ready at a moment's notice to 
turn from them to a consultation with the engineer as 
to the proper installation of a high-pressure boiler. The 
education of an architect has thus become of so complex 
a nature that it can no longer be given in the office, and 
because it is so specialized, it cannot be given even by one 
man. The school educates men to become eventually 
architects, not draughtsmen, and it should give the stu- 
dent only sufficient practical training to enable him to re- 
adjust himself quickly to the routine of an office. The 
school must teach theory; the office will give practice. 

A broad general culture is a fundamental necessity be- 
cause of the range of subjects on which architecture 
touches, and the classes of men with whom the architect 



CHEMISTRY 27 

has to deal. The professional equipment includes artistic 
and historic studies in an even larger measure than those 
purely scientific, and the school devotes itself mainly to 
the theory of design, the cultivation of imagination, and 
representation. Scientific construction is continually be- 
coming a more necessary part of an architect's education. 
His knowledge of it must be broad and thorough, and he 
must be scientifically trained to deal intelligently with all 
structural questions. 

Whether the architect is prepared to accomplish all this 
himself or must be aided by other agencies, the fact re- 
mains that he is responsible for his building as a whole, 
not only for its decorative side, but its construction, its 
planning, and its final equipment with complicated systems 
of mechanical, electrical, and sanitary apparatus. 

How is the student to be advised as to the possibility 
of his succeeding in this profession? At the age when 
his decision has to be made he will rarely show evidence 
of decided fitness for it. A fondness for drawing has not 
the importance so generally supposed. Drawing is simply 
the means of expressing the architect's ideas, a very im- 
portant means, to be sure, but if the architect has not 
sufficient training to conceive ideas worth expression, 
draughtsmanship will not make up the deficiency. To 
those to w^hom the *' call " has not come and who are 
diffident as to their qualifications for the making of an 
architect, it is fair to say that if they have strong inclina- 
tion, love of hard work, and good common sense, they need 
not fear the attempt. 



Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 

{Courses V and X) 
The Courses in Chemistry (V) and Chemical Engi- 
neering (X) have as an object the education of chemists. 



28 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

and accordingly include the fundamental subjects with 
which every competent chemist must be familiar. The 
science of Chemistry is so broad and its importance is 
so great in a wide variety of fields that it has seemed 
expedient to offer to the student an oppK)rtunity for a 
certain amount of specialization within the science, or, 
in order to equip him for the present demands in the field 
of applied chemistry, an opportunity to combine with his 
chemical training as much fundamental engineering know- 
ledge as the time available will permit. With these ends 
in view, there are offered within the Course in Chemistry, 
three series of optional studies, the first of which com- 
prises advanced work in general and physical chemistry, 
and additional work in mathematics and physics, with the 
particular purpose of equipping the student for the work 
of a teacher, or for efficiency in research work, in either 
college, scientific, or technical laboratories. The second 
series of optional studies includes some biology and a 
varied experience in special lines of analytical practice, 
and prepares the student for a career as general analyst, 
as in a railroad laboratory, or for the control of supplies 
and products of a manufacturing plant. The third series 
includes additional work in sanitary chemistry, bacteri- 
ology, general and industrial biology, and courses dealing 
with questions of public health and sanitation. It has 
for its objective the training of chemists who desire to 
devote themselves mainly to questions of municipal im- 
portance, such as the control of food and water supplies, 
and the disposition of waste materials, such as sewage. 
It is, in general, assumed that the student will, at the be- 
ginning of his second year of work, elect some one of these 
options, and follow it consistently throughout his course; 
but a change of option may be permitted for adequate 
reasons, and, moreover, the specialization is not carried 



CHEMISTRY 29 

so far that it makes it at all imperative that a particular 
line of work should be followed after graduation. The 
fundamental training is common to all the options, and 
it often happens that the graduates make highly success- 
ful careers along lines quite different from those elected 
during their undergraduate years. 

In the Course in Chemical Engineering a portion of 
the time devoted to chemical subjects and all of the 
time devoted to optional studies in the Course in Chem- 
istry is devoted to such subjects as mathematics, mechan- 
ism, applied mechanics, steam engineering, elementary elec- 
trical engineering, and the drawing and laboratory prac- 
tice necessary for the understanding of these subjects. The 
purpose of this course is to equip its graduates for posi- 
tions in the technical field which involve a knowledge of 
chemistry and a knowledge of the fundamental principles 
of engineering practice. Such graduates generally assume 
laboratory positions at the start; and not only are they 
able to control, investigate, or devise manufacturing pro- 
cesses on the basis of experimentation and investigation 
in the chemical laboratory, but they are fitted to assume 
the responsibility involved in the development and super- 
intendence of these processes on a manufacturing and 
profit-producing scale. They are also equipped to attack 
intelligently those problems connected with plants already 
in operation, which include engineering as well as chemical 
factors. 

The demand for chemically educated men is active 
and seems likely to increase, for there is little reason to 
question the statement made by those competent to express 
an opinion, that chemistry is certain to play an increas- 
ingly important part in promoting the welfare of the in- 
dustries and the prosperity of mankind, especially in our 
own country. This is partly because of the greater refine- 



30 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

ment of processes as a result of keener competition and 
the exacting requirements of the consumers, but, in par- 
ticular, because of the growing need for a conservation 
of resources and greater care of the interests of the com- 
munity with reference to the proper disposition of wastes. 
This necessity must lead to a development of research 
laboratories, and also to an increasing appreciation of the 
service which the chemist with a knowledge of engineer- 
ing can render both to chemical industries and to com- 
mercial interests in general. There is no profession which 
offers better opportunities to the capable man, or which, 
at present, is less crowded than that of the chemical engi- 
neer. There is a steady call for men trained as teachers 
or investigators, and also for those who can attack the 
increasingly important problems which associate themselves 
with the well-being of cities and states. 



Electrical Engineering 

{Course VI) 
Any branch of engineering is an exacting mistress 
for the man who makes it his profession; and this is 
particularly true of electrical engineering, which, having 
won its way into the processes of almost all of the great 
industries found in the nation, demands from its followers 
an extraordinary^ breadth and variety of industrial know- 
ledge. The scope of electrical engineers' work may be 
indicated by many striking examples. For instance, both 
of our methods of quick intercommunication, the tele- 
graph and the telephone, use electrical processes, and 
those of the telephone are so complex that they demand 
in their management a high grade of engineering skill. 
City and interurban traction systems have become a 
monopoly of the electric motor, and the heavy freight 



ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 31 

traction over mountain divisions of steam railroads seems 
destined to soon come under the same influence. The 
electrical transmission of power has put artificial illumina- 
tion of streets and houses on a plane never before reached 
or imagined. Even in the manufacturing industries, the 
use of electrical power has proved capable of increasing 
the output and economizing the cost of the product of 
many different kinds of works. 

It is obvious that adequate training for a profession 
that brings its followers into contact with so many of 
the activities and nearly all of the industries of the nation 
must consist essentially of those principles which are fun- 
damental to all. The Electrical Engineering Course is 
therefore made strong in chemistry, physics, mathematics, 
and applied mechanics, and these subjects are associated 
with study of machinery, stationary structures, hydraulics, 
and steam engineering. Along with these, extended study 
IS required of the fundamental laws of electric current 
flow, the phenomena of electro-magnetism, and the ways 
in which these may be usefully applied in man^s activities 
and particularly in industrial affairs. 

An experienced engineer should have the ability to 
conceive, to organize, and to direct extended industrial 
enterprises. To attain this ability requires many years 
of mature experience, and an electrical engineering course 
that is expected to promote the highest ultimate accom- 
plishment of its graduates must be largely occupied with 
teaching the principles of science, the meaning of known 
natural laws, and their relations to each other. Very 
little time can be given to processes of engineering prac- 
tice which are of such a nature that they can be mastered 
with comparative readiness by observation after gradua- 
tion. The course has sufficient scope in giving the know- 
ledge of scientific principles and the command of processes 



32 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

of analytical reasoning which can be obtained only by 
hard study. 

The graduate who adds judgment, loyalty, and *^ gump- 
tion " to the qualities derived from this study of funda- 
mental science has before him many possibilities of pro- 
fessional usefulness. In telephony the work is one of 
infinite detail; but it may lead to broad and compre- 
hensive executive duties in connection with one of the 
great servants of commerce and civilization. In electric 
railroading is found a ruggedness of service that appeals 
to the imagination of many, and there are also in it oppor- 
tunities leading to executive duties in a branch of indus- 
try that is the very backbone of commerce and modern 
civilization. Similar attractions are found in electric light- 
ing and electric power transmission, and attractions of 
other natures are found in the manufacturing industries. 

A man capable of deserving the highest positions within 
the sphere of electrical engineering practice must expect to 
become either a man of executive power or a man who 
originates new projects or machines. In either vocation 
he will find use for all of the general training in lan- 
guage, history, and political science which is included in 
the Electrical Engineering Course, in addition to the 
training in physical science. 

Another occupation in which there is a demand for 
graduates of the Electrical Engineering Course is teach- 
ing. In a similar classification goes the work of enlarg- 
ing the world's knowledge of useful electric and magnetic 
phenomena by a life of research. 

Many of the duties to which an electrical engineer may 
be called are of a nature which demands a depth and 
strength of mental training which cannot be reached in 
the four years of an undergraduate course; and graduate 
instruction in electrical engineering leading to the higher 



BIOLOGY 33 

degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Engineering 
provides the additional training particularly advantageous 
for men who desire to take up such duties. 



Biology 

{Course VII) 

Biology offers a rapidly v^^idening, attractive, and 
novel field of work for men of the right sort. Students 
to succeed in the profession must, of course, have the 
scientific turn of mind, but need not have the special 
bent for mathematics required in engineering construc- 
tion. As the subject is so new, men taking it need 
to have the spirit of research; on the other hand, its points 
of contact with the public are so many that the ability 
to talk and to write well and to meet men easily is highly 
advantageous. 

Most of the graduates of the Course in Biology are 
absorbed by the rapidly increasing demand for recruits in 
the campaign for pure water, pure milk, clean streams, 
and clean cities. The Institute has furnished much of 
the inspiration for the movement for sanitary reform now 
making headway all over the United States; and it is to 
the Institute that this movement still looks for some of 
its practical leaders. Much of the w^ork needed in this 
line is research work, so that the scientific investigator 
has an important place. On the other hand, much of the 
present demand is for executive ability in the supervision 
of sanitary works, and in the organization of the cam- 
paign of popular education. 

Men are also needed on the laboratory side in the ex- 
perimental studies for new sewage and water works; in 
the control of those already constructed; and in the con- 
duct of the bacteriological laboratories of state and mu- 



34 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

nici'pal boards of health. Industrial applications of bi- 
ology to dairying, cheese-making, tanning, are taking their 
quota. For men of scholarly minds who want to teach, 
there are attractive educational openings; half a dozen 
of the great universities are at present planning depart- 
ments of sanitary science somewhat along the lines of the 
Biological Department of the Institute. Consulting 
Laboratories for biological and sanitary work offer an 
excellent commercial opportunity for men of a business 
turn. Finally, there is a splendid field for men of ad- 
ministrative ability in the executive departments of city 
and state boards of health and in the scientific bureaus 
of the United States Government. 



Physics 

{Course VIII) 

The Course in Physics was established by the Cor- 
poration of the Institute in 1873, acting on the initiative 
of Professor Edward C. Pickering, then Thayer Pro- 
fessor of Physics. The Course in Natural History, 
now the Course in Biology, was established at the same 
date. These two were the first additions to the original 
six Courses with which the School of Industrial Science 
opened. At that time no course leading to a degree in 
physics was offered in this country, and there was but 
little opportunity for a student desiring to pursue syste- 
matic studies in this and allied branches of science, the 
instruction then given in the various colleges being almost 
entirely confined to elementary lectures designed for all 
undergraduate students alike. A full line of study was 
laid out for the Course in Physics, being equal in extent 
and thoroughness to the courses leading to the engineer- 
ing or other professions. From the date of its establish- 



PHYSICS 35 

ment the requirements for graduation have been somewhat 
severe, especially because of the necessarily large amount 
of chemical and mathematical studies which are included, 
requiring a rather extended range of ability on the part 
of the student. 

The Course aims primarily to prepare students for the 
profession of scientific teaching, and likewise to train com- 
petent men to become investigators of physical problems, 
either in pure physics or in its industrial applications. 
The mathematical and chemical studies required in addi- 
tion to the purely physical subjects give knowledge and 
training in a very broad field, so that the graduate is well 
qualified to enter upon the work of instruction in second- 
ary schools of the highest grade, either in physics, chem- 
istry, or mathematics; or for proceeding to an advanced 
course of study in preparation for a higher degree, as that 
of Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science, if he de- 
sires to prepare himself for more advanced work in the 
line of teaching. 

The Course in Physics also gives a suitable preparation 
for one intending to enter upon the work of scientific or 
technical investigation in industrial establishment or in 
the service of the United States, as, for example, in the 
Bureau of Standards at Washington. It likewise fur- 
nishes a very thorough and extended scientific training, 
regarding this as an educational end in itself. 

The nature of the various kinds of w^ork for which a 
student graduating in Course VIII is particularly fitted 
w^ill perhaps best appear from a consideration of the occu- 
pations in which its graduates are actually engaged, of 
whom there have been fifty-one up to and including the 
Class of 1908. Twenty-one of these have devoted them- 
selves to teaching, chiefly as professors or instructors in 
institutions of collegiate grade, seven are engaged in purely 



36 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

scientific research as astronomers, several are in the United 
States Bureau of Standards, and a number in various 
kinds of business related to the scientific industries. 



Sanitary Engineering 

{Course XI) 

Sanitary Engineering rests upon Civil Engineering, 
and is, indeed, a branch of that profession, — a specialty, 
just as Bridge, Railroad, Irrigation, and Water-Power 
engineering are other specialties. As suggested by its 
title, its field is the design, construction, and main- 
tenance of works for the promotion of public health. 
Especially it has to do with projects for supplying 
suitable drinking-water to cities and to smaller com- 
munities, for removing and purifying sewage, and for 
draining land for sanitary purposes. The warming, venti- 
lating, and draining of buildings, the cleaning of streets, 
the collecting and disposal of garbage and other city 
wastes are also fairly within its scope, as are questions of 
stream pollution and numberless special matters connected 
with public health which come up wherever population 
gathers. 

It is, however, with problems of water-supply, sewer- 
age, sewage disposal, and drainage that the specialist in 
sanitary engineering is most prominently identified. Such 
projects call for the construction of intakes, filter gal- 
leries, dams, sedimentation basins, filtration plants, pump- 
ing stations, canals, aqueducts, main pipe lines, distribu- 
tion systems, stand-pipes, sewers, drains, outfall works, 
and a multitude of minor appurtenances. 

Noteworthy recent examples of sanitary engineering are 
the Chicago Drainage Canal; the Columbus, Ohio, sew- 
age filters; the water purification works of Cincinnati, 



SANITARY ENGINEERING 37 

Pittsburg, Philadelphia, and Washington; the water- 
supply and sewerage works of the Boston metropolitan 
district; the drainage works of New Orleans. 

In large measure the engineering works required for 
sanitary ends do not differ materially from similar works 
which are to serve other purposes, — dams, pipe lines, 
canals, for example. With the development of modern 
methods of purifying water and sewage, however, in 
which chemical and biological processes are involved, it 
has come to be necessary, both in the studies and experi- 
ments preceding the choice of work and in the adaptation 
of the works themselves, to have a thorough knowledge 
of chemistry and biology and of the discoveries and ex- 
periments which have been made along these lines. 

To supply training in these two lines is the primary 
reason for setting ofi at the Institute a distinct course in 
Sanitary Engineering. A secondary reason is to permit 
to those students who may desire it some limiting of their 
engineering training toward strictly sanitary works. 
Course XI is characterized, therefore, by the introduction 
of a moderate, but sufficient amount of biology, and of 
a considerable amount of chemistry, into the curriculum of 
Course I, and a corresponding diminution of the time de- 
voted in the latter course to purely engineering subjects. 
Less completeness of training in Structural and Railroad 
Engineering is therefore to be obtained in Course XI 
than in Course I, and somewhat less in Topographical 
Engineering, although good basic instruction is afforded in 
each of these lines. The student who elects the Course 
in Sanitary Engineering should possess an aptitude and 
disposition to do good work in chemistry and biology. 
If he has these qualifications and wishes to specialize in 
the direction indicated, he may fit himself in this Course 
to meet creditably the requirements usually put upon the 



38 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

young graduate in any line of sanitary engineering. If 
he choose to remain an additional year at the Institute, 
he may strengthen himself greatly on either the engineer- 
ing or the chemical side, or on both, with excellent oppor- 
tunity for advanced study at the Sewage Experiment 
Station of the Department of Biology. 

Graduates of this Course are to be found holding posi- 
tions either as principal or as assistant engineers in private 
consulting practice; in the engineering departments of 
state boards of health; with water supply commissions; 
with water purification and with sewage purification 
plants, both under construction and in operation; with 
sewer, street, and general engineering departments of 
cities; in sundry branches of national and of state engi- 
neering service; as professors and instructors in sanitary 
or in civil engineering; as health officers, contractors, 
sanitary inspectors, and so on. 

The opportunities for employment immediately follow- 
ing graduation vary with the state of general business 
and with the activity of engineering construction in par- 
ticular lines, and probably are not greatly difiEerent from 
those in other technical branches. The earlier positions 
call for service of minor responsibility on surveys, inspec- 
tions, computations or draughting in the offices of con- 
sulting engineers, municipal or state boards, or on works 
of construction, beyond which advancement is governed 
mainly by individual qualifications and opportunity. 



Naval Architecture 

{Course XIII) 

The term Naval Architecture is so well established 
that it better represents the nature of the course of 
instruction so named than any other; yet the evident 



NAVAL ARCHITECTURE 39 

meaning of the term should be extended to include much 
that IS not commonly associated with it. The Course 
is intended for those who expect to be ship-designers, ship- 
builders, ship-managers, or marine engine builders, in- 
cluding designers and builders of marine steam turbines 
and marine internal combustion engines. 

When ships were built of wood, and the towering 
poops and forecastles of the three-deckers were treated 
architecturally, the relation to architecture was evident; 
now that ships are constructed largely of steel and 
crammed w^ith engines, the relation to engineering is what 
is most striking. But the artistic side of the designing of 
real ships, and especially of yachts, has never failed to 
appeal to those to whom a ship is more than a conveyance. 

Marine engineering began when engines were first used 
for propelling ships. Growth in size and complication, 
accompanied by a more exact adaptation of a ship to its 
service, has gradually called for a broader grasp of the 
principles of ship and engine building, as well as for 
specializing along narrow lines for ship-yards and ship- 
builders. It is desirable that some ship-yards should build 
warships, some passenger ships, and others freighters. 
Torpedo boats, yachts, and motor boats call for even fur- 
ther specialization. 

It will thus be seen that the field is wider than might 
appear at first, and that there are opportunities for a 
variety of capabilities, the trend, as in general engineering, 
being towards the employment of specially trained men. 
Since, however, all the trades are represented in the con- 
struction of the modern ship, it is doubtful if any other 
profession calls for such an intimate knowledge of so many 
different industries. The design requires, in the first 
place, a knowledge of abstruse mathematics combined with 
data obtained from experimental work; and not the least 



40 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

important factor, particularly in the use of the " indeter- 
minates/' is that rare quality, good judgment. Drafts- 
men and mould-loft experts cooperate with the scientific 
computer and prepare the plans and models for the con- 
struction department. Here the engineer must be con- 
versant, not only with shop-work in all its branches, but 
with steel manufacture, foundry practice, steam engi- 
neering and electricity. A naval architect who confines 
his work to the designing and building of yachts must, 
in addition to a general knowledge of ship-yard require- 
ments, have had considerable practical experience in the 
handling of small boats. 

All the ships of the sea, however numerous and costly, 
are to be counted as but a fraction of the structures on 
land; and while the combined engineering schools of this 
country can scarcely supply the demand for technically 
trained men for this larger work, relatively small depart- 
ments in a few institutions suffice to supply the need for 
naval architects. 



Electrochemistry 

(Course XIV) 

The Course in Electrochemistry, first established as 
a distinct option in the Course in Physics in 1901, was, 
it is believed, the first of its kind to be offered in this 
countr)^ The curriculum of studies constituting this 
course was in 1909 designated as Course XIV. 

The profession of Electrochemistry, for which Course 
XIV provides the training, is one of comparatively recent 
origin, being in fact one of the youngest of the professions 
in applied science. It has arisen as a natural result of the 
rapid development of electrochemical industries both in 
this country and abroad, and it was to meet the increasing 



ELECTROCHEMISTRY 41 

demand for men properly trained to enter these industries 
that the Electrochemical Course was originally established. 
These industries may be briefly described as embracing 
those in which electrical energy is utilized, either directly 
or indirectly, as the source of power in effecting chemical 
changes, and, conversely, those in which chemical energy is 
transformed into electrical energy. With the realization 
of relatively cheap electrical power in enormous quantities, 
as, for example, that developed at Niagara Falls and other 
water-power centres, the possibility of manufacturing on 
a commercial scale many substances which a few years 
ago could be produced only at prohibitive cost or which 
were entirely unknown has become an accomplished fact. 
The calcium carbide, aluminum, graphite, carborundum, 
and caustic soda industries are instances of the remarkable 
development of electrochemical processes in recent years; 
while many other chemicals are now most economically 
produced by electrochemical means. The application of 
Electrochemistry to metallurgical processes is also making 
rapid advances, not only in the refining of metals, but also 
in their reduction from their ores. One of the most im- 
portant recent developments is the application of the 
electric furnace to the production of high grade steel. 

Electrochemistry is essentially an experimental science, 
and the problems which it presents for solution are in 
many cases distinctly novel. To cope successfully with 
these, the qualifications which an electrochemist should 
possess are: first, a thorough knowledge of the principles 
of Theoretical and Applied Electricity; second, an equally 
thorough foundation in Theoretical, Analytical, and Ap- 
plied Chemistry; third, and perhaps most important of all, 
the ability to apply such knowledge to the solution of un- 
solved problems. The student electing the Course in 
Electrochemistry should, therefore, possess 20od ability 



42 THE INSTITUTE COURSES 

in mathematics (as Theoretical Electricity is essentially 
Applied Mathematics), and should have a distinct natural 
aptitude for experimental work. Much of the instruction 
is given in the laboratories of Chemistry, Physics, Heat 
Measurements, Assaying, Metallurgy, Electrical Engineer- 
ing, and Electrochemistry. In 1901, when the course was 
established, the Institute equipped a special laboratory with 
every facility for instruction in all branches of Theoretical 
and Applied Electrochemistry and for research work. 
Great emphasis is also placed on the theoretical and funda- 
mental principles underlying both the electrical and the 
chemical sides of the science. The training given in the 
course is in fact so broad that a graduate should be well 
prepared to undertake successfully many lines of purely 
electrical or chemical work other than Electrochemistry, if 
he so desires; and that this is the case is shown by the 
varied kinds of work at present being undertaken success- 
fully by recent graduates. Thus, of the twenty-two gradu- 
ates in this course up to and including the Class of 1908, 
seven are engaged in strictly electrochemical industries, six 
in various branches of Electrical Engineering, while the 
others are engaged in general manufacturing, scientific 
research. United States Government employ, and in 
teaching. 

Abundant opportunities are open at the present time 
for able men trained as electrochemists, but only those 
students are advised to elect this course of study who 
combine ability in mathematics and in experimental work. 
For such students the curriculum of Course XIV offers 
an interesting and valuable course of study. 



UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 



The Union 



THE idea of a general meeting place for students 
originated with President Walker during the last 
part of his administration. Though he did not live to 
see the fulfilment of his project, his plans were carried 
on and developed by the Alumni, who financed to the 
extent of nearly a hundred thousand dollars a plan for the 
Walker Memorial Gymnasium. Owing to the agitation 
over a new site and the Harvard Merger, nothing could 
then be done in the way of a new building. 

President Pritchett understood the social needs of the 
student body, and at his suggestion some friends of the 
Institute gave the necessary funds for furnishing tempor- 
arily two rooms in the Mechanical Laboratory on Garri- 
son Street for this purpose. Here was the first Tech 
Union. 

Although supplying a great need, these rooms were 
miserably inadequate as a social gathering-place for four- 
teen hundred students, and this fact w^as pointed out by 
Acting President Noyes in his report to the Corporation 
in December, 1907. As a result of his suggestions and of 
a movement among the students to secure better quarters, 
the Corporation, through its Committee on Student Wel- 
fare, approved plans for the building of an entirely new 
structure, '' a social centre for the students at the very 
doors of their lecture-rooms and laboratories." The build- 
ing was made possible in great part by Alumni and friends 
of the Institute, who subscribed a total amount of $8689; 

43 



44 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

the remainder of the $19,460.37 necessary for planning, 
constructing, and furnishing the Union, was obtained from 
an appropriation from the Alumni Income Fund. 

The New Union was opened to the students on Sep- 
tember 30, 1908. It is a two and one-half story structure, 
occupying the space between Pierce Building and Engi- 
neering C. The lunch-room, seating about three hundred, 
is located on the ground floor, the kitchen being in the 
basement of the Pierce Building. This dining-room serves 
a second purpose as a stage for the rehearsals of the Tech 
Show. On the floor above is the social room, with its 
large fire-place, upholstered easy-chairs and window-seats, 
a piano, former Tech Show pictures and posters, class 
banners, periodicals and books, including the Frank H. 
Cilley Library, containing books devoted to physical cul- 
ture. On the street side of the second floor are the library 
or study-room and a special dining-room which during the 
day can be used for cards and other games. 

To provide office room for the various student activities, 
there are three small rooms in the half-story above the 
second floor. One of these is now occupied by the Insti- 
tute Committee and Track Team Management, another 
by the Tech Show, and the third by Technique. The 
Tech has its office just off of the living-room in the hall 
of Engineering C. 

The management and responsibility are in the hands 
of a committee of four undergraduates, assisted by Dean 
Burton, and the assistant to the President, who act only 
as an advisory board. This is called the Union Com- 
mittee. There are three sub-committees, composed en- 
tirely of undergraduates, namely: The Dining-Room, 
House, and Entertainment Committees. The Dining- 
Room Committee keeps in touch with the management of 
the dining-room, and tries in every way to improve the din- 



THE UNION 45 

ing facilities; the House Committee is responsible for the 
success of the upper floors, assigns office room to various 
organizations, also special dining-rooms for dinners of 
professorial and social societies, cares for magazines and 
books, while each member is assigned a certain day in the 
week w^hen he is to see personally that the privileges of 
the social rooms are used and not abused ; and the Enter- 
tainment Committee has charge of the Friday Night 
Entertainments. The Institute Committee elects the four 
members of the Union Committee, which in turn elects as 
members of the sub-committees those men who have been 
recommended by the various committees. These sub- 
committees meet once a week and the chairman of each 
reports at the monthly meeting of the Union Committee 
of which he is a member. This method of committee 
government insures the Union being run for the students 
and by the students, and affords a most excellent oppor- 
tunity for the development of the executive training so 
much needed by the technical graduate. The Union has 
been thrown open to the use of all, w^ith no fees and few 
restrictions. 

The Union has proved as convenient and comfortable 
as any clubhouse. To one who has watched the growth of 
Technology even for but a short time, the great change 
wrought by the new Union in the social condition of 
its students is evident to a marked degree. Men of 
different classes and from dift'erent parts of the 
country are brought into more intimate contact with 
each other, and the Friday Night Entertainments, 
consisting of talks by such men as Rabbi Fleischer, 
Lyman Underwood, District Attorney Hill, Professor 
Sedgwick, Lieutenant Tardy, of the U. S. S. Vermont, 
Vice-President Sears of the National Shawmut Bank, and 



46 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

many others, together with such entertainments as Hook 
Night, the Christmas Entertainment, and the Open House 
for the New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association, 
given the night before the finals of the New England 
IntercoUegiates, have furnished opportunities for develop- 
ing the social side of life, before impossible. In other 
words, the Union has paved the way for that ideal of 
social life to be realized by the Walker Memorial in the 
*' new Technology upon a new site." 



Fraternities 

Greek letter fraternities have been in existence at 
Technology since 1873, and have constantly increased 
in number and influence. In spite of struggle and ad- 
verse criticism they have consistently demonstrated their 
right to existence. Nor is the secret of their success hard 
to find. The idea upon which they are founded is sound 
and good. For a fraternity is a " banding together for 
mutual interest and affection," which fosters " a brotherly 
regard and sympathy for one another, regardless of rela- 
tionship by blood." The very word fraternity suggests 
friendship, and friendship is indeed the keynote of fra- 
ternity life. 

Literary or professional societies promote comradeship, 
but they lack the bond of obligation of one man to an- 
other which the fraternities enjoin upon their members. 
This bond, by adding to good fellowship mutual helpful- 
ness, is most effective in promoting those friendships which 
piay so essential a part in the life of a man. Herein lies 
the remarkable strength of the fraternities. 

At Technology fraternities have a more important func- 
tion than in most of the colleges of the country. The 
standard of scholarship at the Institute is high. The stu- 



FRATERNITIES 47 

dents are continually with serious purpose endeavoring to 
acquire the valuable scientific training which Technology 
offers. Time and opportunity for interests outside of 
routine work are more limited than in many schools. But, 
as has well been said, " technical proficiency is not enough 
to insure the highest success. A man must not only be a 
good engineer, he must also know how to deal effectively 
with men." 

The fraternities do much to keep before the students 
the importance of social as well as mental development. 
By giving their members the opportunity to come into con- 
tact with a group of men of diverse traits, they develop 
that knowledge of men which is essential for leadership. 

The Institute does not at present provide dormitories. 
The fraternities, however, most of which maintain chapter 
houses, have given their members comfortable homes and 
pleasant companionship. The homelike environment of 
the fraternity house is much to be preferred to the condi- 
tions in the average student boarding-house. 

The advantages of fraternity life are enjoyed by an in- 
creasing proportion of the students at the Institute. The 
membership, which in 1885 was less than ten per cent of 
the student body, has now increased to about twenty-five 
per cent. The fraternity members now number about 
three hundred and fifty, distributed among more than fif- 
teen fraternities. All but two or three of the fraternities 
support chapter houses, and these are located in the best 
residential districts of Boston. Conditions of life as 
regards rooms and food are much more desirable than in 
the boarding-houses, and the cost is very little more. 

The charge has been made against fraternities that they 
promote riotous living. Prof. George V. Wendell, who, 
when he was connected with the Institute, was actively 
interested in undergraduate life, pointed out that such 



48 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

*' charges are usually made by men who have neither en- 
joyed the advantages of fraternity life nor investigated the 
conditions that prevail. The criticism is the more serious 
because of the injustice it does to a large number of young 
fellows who are striving to uphold the ideals of their 
chapters and of the Institute, and who desire to win the 
respect and regard of the instructing staff and the student 
body.'* Tendencies to riotous living are curbed, not en- 
couraged, by the fraternities at the Institute. In five of 
the fraternity houses no liquor of any kind is allowed ; two 
have no rule in regard to the matter; and the others allow 
beer only on special occasions. The honor of upholding 
the reputation of the fraternity is dear to the fraternity 
man, and he carefully watches his own actions and those 
of his comrades. For the younger undergraduate es- 
pecially, whose ideas of what a college man may do are 
often vague and fantastic, the advantage of being in inti- 
mate contact with the older men experienced in college 
life is obvious. 

Nor is fraternity life detrimental to good scholarship. 
It is of distinct advantage to the fraternity to have all its 
members remain at the Institute, and to complete their 
courses. Here, again, the desire to uphold the honor of 
the fraternity is a keen incentive to good work. There is 
abundant opportunity for good fellowship at the chapter 
houses, especially early in the evening after dinner, when 
music and varied diversions are heartily indulged in. But 
many of the fraternities at Technology have an under- 
standing, either written or unwritten, that the house shall 
be quiet after eight o'clock, so that those wishing to study 
may work to full advantage. Some of the fraternities 
exercise rather a careful supervision over the scholarship 
of their members. Upper-classmen scrutinize the records 
of the lower-classmen, and where these are unsatisfactory 



FRATERNITIES 49 

they impress upon the delinquents their duty and responsi- 
bility to themselves, their parents, and their fraternity to 
improve their work. The older man has recently travelled 
the same path that now lies before the Freshman. If the 
younger man is having trouble with his work, the upper- 
classman, on account of his experience and because of his 
close and friendly relation in the fraternity, is able better 
than teacher or parent to help overcome the difficulty, be 
it in the work or in the man. 

It may safely be said that practically all the fraternities 
have the best interests of the Institute at heart. There 
is very little of that social jealousy between fraternity and 
non-fraternity men which crops out at colleges where the 
purposes of the students are less definite and serious. The 
relations of the fraternities to each other are most cordial. 
Several smokers are given each year, at which members of 
the Faculty, men from the various fraternities, and the 
non-fraternity men of the student body get closely in 
touch with each other. The chapter houses are open to 
friends, and more or less entertaining is done through 
functions similar to those in any home. 

The fraternities tend to keep high the morale of the 
student body. Moreover, they vie with one another in 
having representative men engaged in all branches of stu- 
dent activity, and urge their members to assume the re- 
sponsibilities of active leadership and service in under- 
graduate affairs. And after graduation the fraternity is 
a connecting link that helps to bind the alumnus to his 
Alma Mater by keeping him informed of Technology 
affairs and by bringing him back to annual reunions. So 
fraternities foster a healthy, vigorous Tech spirit, and do 
splendid services for the Institute, while at the same time 
they are maintaining their ovv^n standing and honor. It is 
a happy combination. 



50 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The fraternities are of two classes, national and local. 
The national fraternity has chapters in many colleges 
throughout the country- ; the local has but the one chapter. 
Each has its advantages and is strong in its own way. The 
organization and management of each fraternity lies with- 
in itself alone. 

Men are taken into fraternities from all the classes, 
and great care is exercised in the selection of new members. 
The new man at Technology may be asked by a frater- 
nity man to take lunch or dinner with him at the fra- 
ternity house, particularly at the beginning of the school 
year. The invitation should be accepted, though given by 
an entire stranger, for it is to the new man's advantage 
to see as many of the different fraternities as possible. 
Should he be asked to join more than one, it is well for 
him to consider all sides of the question with the greatest 
care, for if a mistake is made the effect is harmful to both 
the man and the fraternitv. 



Clubs and Societies 

Besides the fraternities, there are at the Institute a 
number of clubs and societies. Some of these are secret 
or partly so in character; but the majority are very open 
and democratic. The societies which are more or less 
secret are the following: 

Osiris. This is the Senior honorary society. 

Round Table. A Freshman-Sophomore society, which 
meets and has dinners about once a month. The purpose 
of the society is to promote good fellowship. It is one of 
the oldest clubs at the Institute. 

Hammer and Tongs. This is very similar indeed to 
Round Table, the only distinct difference being that it is 
a Junior-Senior society. Its purpose is the same as that 



CLUBS AND SOCIETIES 51 

of the other, and it was established at about the same time. 

K2S. This is a secret societ}* devoted to the development 
of chemistr}- and allied subjects. Smokers are held in the 
societ}''s rooms ever}* two weeks, at which members of the 
Faculty or other scientific men are invited to speak on 
technical or scientific subjects. In addition papers are pre- 
pared on such subjects by m.embers and read at the meet- 
ings. The societ>' was founded in 1883, and is composed 
of students in the courses of Chemistr}', Chemical Engi- 
neering, Mining Engineering, Biology, Physics, and Sani- 
tar}- Engineering. 

Masque. This is a body of thirteen active members of 
the Tech Show, whose aim is to raise the standard of the 
show. 

Cleofan. Cleofan is the girls' club at the Insritute, its 
object being to foster fellowship among women students 
at Technolog}-. It was established about 1890 as a secret 
societ}'. Eta Sigma Mu. Since its organization did not 
seem sufficiently democratic, all women studying at the 
Institute were made eligible. Cleofan gives tvvo receptions 
during the year at the Margaret Cheney Reading Room, 
which it has the privilege of using. One is given early in 
the year to the Faculty, and the other is given during 
Junior Week to friends of the Institute and friends of 
Cleofan. The society desires to be of ser\'ice to all young 
women coming to the Institute, and is glad to do what it 
can to fit into the whole fabric of Technology^ social life. 

The following organizations are of practically open 
membership and are ven* democratic in their nature: 

Geographical Clubs. The British Empire Association; 
The Southern Club; The New York State Club; The 
Pennsylvania Qub. The aims of these clubs are the same, 
— to promote good fellowship and to enable the fellows 



52 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

from different parts of these various territories to know 
each other better. The meetings arc usually held in the 
Union. Any one who comes from any part of the British 
Empire or who is an English citizen is eligible for mem- 
bership in the British Empire Association; any student 
from the South may become a member of the Southern 
Club; for the two state clubs, one must be a resident of 
the state to be eligible for membership. 

Preparatory School Clubs. Phillips-Exeter ; Mechanic 
Arts High School; Brookline High School; Newton High 
School; Boston English High School. The aims of these 
clubs are very similar to those of the geographical organ- 
izations. Meetings or dinners are held frequently, and 
the clubs try to be of service to Freshmen coming from the 
several schools. The Brookline High School Club is a 
little different from the others in that it holds its meetings 
at the homes of the members, each member entertaining 
the club once during the year. This is made possible by 
the fact that the membership is small and the fellows live 
near together. The other clubs make use of the Union 
or hotels for meetings. To be eligible for membership to 
any of these clubs, one must have been a former student in 
the school. 

The Rifle Club. The Rifle Club holds shoots fre- 
quently at ranges near Boston and the members are per- 
mitted the use of the U. S. regulation army rifle. Any 
student interested may become a member. 

The Chess Club. Games and tournaments are held fre- 
quently, and occasionally games are arranged with outside 
experts and with other colleges. Membership is open to 
all students interested. 

The Walker Club. The Walker Club was founded in 
1895 by the students of Course IX, then the Course in 
General Studies, to occupy the same place with them as 



CLUBS AND SOCIETIES 53 

the professional societies have with the members of the 
professional courses. The club was named for President 
Walker because of his interest in this Course. 

One of the chief activities of this club in its early years 
was the giving of short plays. Beginning in 1897, plays 
were very successfully given for several years, till the ad- 
vent of the Minstrel Show, followed later by the Tech 
Show. The Walker Club did not wish to interfere with 
the success of a show which should be representative of 
Technology as a whole, and withdrew from the field. 

When the Course in General Studies was dropped in 
1904, it was decided that the Walker Club ought not 
to die with it. Accordingly the members of the last class 
of Course IX elected to membership in the club men from 
other Courses who showed an appreciation of the value 
of broad interests in the education of an engineer. The 
club has since been continued in accordance with this 
plan, electing its members from the three upper classes. 

The activities of the club are such as make for the good 
fellowship of its members on the basis of broad general in- 
terests. The members dine together about once a month, 
and listen afterward to a talk, of a non-professional na- 
ture, by a member or guest of the club. Occasionally the 
club holds debates with the Civic Club, or with one of 
the professional societies. In addition, the club, in con- 
junction with the Technology Club, gives a reception early 
in the fall to welcome the new men coming from other 
colleges to complete their course at Technology. 

Y. M. C. A. The Institute branch of this Association 
was organized by the students in 1895. The object, here 
as elsewhere, is the promotion of Christian fellowship and 
service among the undergraduates. At the beginning of 
each school year the Association presents a small hand- 
book to the incoming students and others who maty wish 



54 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

one. The handbook contains a list of student activities 
and general information concerning the Institute. 

A list of recommended rooms is prepared each fall by 
the Association and placed in the hands of the Dean. 
Through this list many students are enabled to secure 
comfortable quarters within their means, without the ne- 
cessity of a long, unsatisfactory search. 

One of the biggest social events of the year is the an- 
nual reception to the Freshmen given by the Association 
soon after the opening of the fall term. At this reception 
the new students receive their first glimpse of real Insti- 
tute life. Talks are given by the Dean and other mem- 
bers of the Faculty and by the heads of all the larger 
student activities, as Technique, The Tech Athletics, the 
Musical Clubs, etc. Many pleasant acquaintances are 
formed at this reception. 

The Association holds weekly meetings on Sunday even- 
ings in the Union, to which all are welcome. Interesting 
speakers are provided, and discussions on practical and 
profitable subjects are given. For those who care for the 
study of the Bible, special religious classes are formed. 

Membership in the Association is open to all interested 
in the work. At present there is no membership fee, the 
Association being supported by the members and a general 
canvass of the Institute. 

The Catholic Club. The Catholic Club was founded 
in 1905 for the purpose of bringing the Roman Catholic 
students at the Institute into closer contact with each 
other, ^' in order to prevent them from drifting from the 
ideals nurtured in their homes." During the year numer- 
ous speakers are obtained to address the members of the 
club and such students as care to be present, on subjects 
of general interest. The club at present has a roll of over 
seventy members. 



CLUBS AND SOCIETIES 55 

Brotherhood of St. Andrew. The Technology Chap- 
ter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, a national organ- 
ization of men in the Protestant Episcopal Church, was 
founded in March, 1908. The chapter at the Institute is 
carrying on its work by aiding the Y. M. C. A. in every 
way possible, and by holding weekly meetings during the 
greater part of the school year, at which Dr. Mann, the 
Rector of Trinity Church, leads discussions on subjects 
of vital importance to Christian belief. These weekly 
meetings are open to all students at the Institute. Busi- 
ness meetings of the Brotherhood are held once a month 
during the school year. 

The Professional Societies. There are at the Institute 
eight professional societies, representing, in a great mea- 
sure, the different professional Courses, and composed 
of students who have chosen those Courses. They are: 
The Civil Engineering Society, The Electrical Engineer- 
ing Society, The Mechanical Engineering Society, Mining 
Engineering, Architectural, Chemical, Biological, and 
Naval Architectural Society. These organizations are 
entirely in the hands of the undergraduates, the Seniors 
taking the lead, with the help of the Juniors, and the 
Sophomores taking no active part. 

Two main objects were sought in the founding of these 
societies. The first was to bring before the men the 
practical side of the work that they were studying. In a 
city like Boston it is not difficult to secure men as speakers 
who, from their practical experience, stand at the head of 
their profession. The subject discussed has generally a 
direct connection with the work the men are taking at the 
Institute. In this way the younger men are able to secure 
a clearer idea as to what the profession which they have 
chosen includes. The informal discussions give an oppor- 



56 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

tunity not only to ask questions, but to know the leading 
men in the profession. 

The second purpose of the societies is to bring the men 
in closer touch with each other. They are a m.eans of 
joining together a group of men with a common interest 
in a social as well as in a professional way, with class dis- 
tinctions broken down. It was also desired that the men 
might become better acquainted with their instructors in 
thus meeting them outside of the routine work. By these 
means the societies are helping their members to know 
men as well as machinery. 

The different societies generally elect their officers an- 
nually, although in one or two cases it is done biannually. 
These officers include a president, vice-president, treasurer, 
and secretary, with various committees, such as the Ex- 
ecutive Committee, the Program Committee. The presi- 
dent, by representing the society in the Institute Com- 
mittee, brings the society in touch with all other under- 
graduate activities. The meetings in general are of two 
kinds: informal discussions where an outside speaker is 
secured and where light refreshments are served; and the 
regular dinners held at stated times during the year. The 
informal gatherings are usually held in the Union; the 
dinners are usually held at a hotel, and talks of a general 
nature are given. 

Besides these regular meetings, some of the societies 
carry on other activities. The Architectural Society is 
keeping in touch with the Alumni and what they are do- 
ing by means of a card catalogue, which is kept up to date 
by a committee appointed each year. One man is also 
appointed from this society to cooperate with a committee 
chosen by the Institute Corporation to publish during the 
school year the Architectural Record^ a periodical that 
is sent to many architects throughout the country. This 



CLUBS AND SOCIETIES 57 

society and the Biological Society hold a reception during 
Junior Week. Excursions to manufacturing plants, power 
houses, and important constructions, are planned and con- 
ducted by the societies. By all these means the societies 
have come to play an important part in the undergraduate 
activities. 

In all the societies, students in the three upper classes 
are eligible to membership. In only one is there any 
special requirement. Before becoming a member of the 
Architectural Society, a man must submit a cloth tracing 
of some architectural or art object assigned by the society. 
The entrance fee and the dues for all the societies are 
small. 

A student does well to connect himself with some one 
of these societies as soon as he becomes eligible. Mem- 
bership in one of them gives him greater interest in his 
work, helps him to form friends, and gives him a clearer 
idea of the profession he has entered and acquaintance with 
men actively engaged in that profession. To hold office 
increases all these advantages, for he has a double in- 
centive to make progress along the lines of his profession 
and to become better acquainted with his instructors and 
fellow-students. Yet the success that each society has 
secured is due to the interest shown by the men as a whole 
in the society. 

The Musical Clubs. The Institute is at present repre- 
sented by four musical clubs: The Orchestra, the Glee 
Club, the Mandolin Club, and the Banjo Club. Of these 
the Orchestra and the Glee Club are the oldest, both 
having been founded in 1884. The Glee Club prospered 
and has increased steadily in importance to the present 
day, but the Orchestra failed after a three-years' struggle 
and was only revived in the fall of igo8. In 1886 a com- 
bined Mandolin, Banjo, and Guitar Club was founded; 



58 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

but the following year it broke up into two separate clubs, 
the Mandolin and the Banjo, and these have flourished. 

The clubs are composed of from ten to twenty mem- 
bers, the number being largely governed by the available 
material. Each club has a leader and a manager, and the 
combined clubs, since they work together for the most 
part, have a president, a secretary, a general manager, and 
combined clubs, since they work together for the most 
arduous duties, since it falls to them to make the arrange- 
ments for all concerts, and to take charge of all the clubs' 
funds. 

The requirements for admission to the clubs are not 
strict, about two years' practice and a reasonable amount 
of skill being as a rule enough to enable a man to make 
the instrumental clubs, and a reasonably good voice com- 
bined with a capacity for carrying a tune being the princi- 
pal requisites for the Glee Club. Trials for candidates 
are held in the fall after the first few rehearsals. Notices 
of these trials are posted on the bulletin boards in the 
Union and in Rogers a few days before the time set. A 
deposit of five dollars ($5.00) is required of all club 
members. From this is deducted fines for cutting con- 
certs and rehearsals as well as for tardiness. At the end 
of the year or at any time when a member withdraws 
from the clubs the balance is returned to him. In addi- 
tion to this there are dues of one dollar ($1.00) a year, 
with a one dollar ($1.00) initiation fee. 

The concerts consist for the most part of popular 
music. A series of concerts is given in Boston and the 
suburbs during the winter and early spring. Those held 
in Boston are three in number: the ''Winter Concert," 
given near Christmas, the *' Spring Concert," given during 
Junior Week, and the *' Senior Concert," given during 
Senior Week. Nearly all concerts are followed by danc- 



INSTITUTE COMMITTEE 59 

ing. The proceeds go to pay for the annual Musical 
Clubs' Dinner, usually held at some one of the hotels in 
Boston about the middle of May. 



The Institute Committee 

The student government of the undergraduates at 
the Institute is in the hands of the Institute Com- 
mittee, a body representative of every important student 
interest. Its membership of twenty-six is made up as fol- 
lows: two members are elected annually by each class; 
and the presidents of the four classes, of the Athletic 
Association, and of the Y. M. C. A., the general managers 
of Tech Show, and of the Musical Club, the editors-in- 
chief of The Tech and of TechniquCj and the presidents 
of the eight professional societies are members ex officio. 
Thus the expression of the sentiment of the whole student 
body is assured in its actions. 

Once a month the Committee meets for action, ma- 
terial for meetings being prepared by an executive com- 
mittee of five upper-classmen, which meets weekly, and 
the function of which is to keep constantly in touch with 
every branch of student life for purposes of investigation 
and constructive criticism. 

Details of operation and administration are cared for by 
standing or by special committees. Thus the Union is 
managed by a committee, under which are sub-committees 
separately responsible for the dining-room, for the social 
rooms, and for the weekly entertainments. Another stand- 
ing committee enforces the point system, while still others 
maintain bulletin boards and conduct the student calendar. 
Special committees, appointed from time to time, report 
on special investigations, or confer with the Faculty or 
Alumni on matters of joint interest. 



6o UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

An instance of the Institute Committee^s activity is the 
recent engagement of a stenographer, and the opening of 
an office in the Union to do bookkeeping, stenography, 
and typewriting. The accounts of the most important 
student activities are now kept there, and the office has 
been found most convenient for all students or organiza- 
tions having clerical or stenographic work. The rates are 
very reasonable, and the office is open to all connected 
with the Institute. 

Thus the field of the Institute Committee includes all 
matters concerning or affecting undergraduate society, the 
success of student enterprises, and the relations of the 
student body within itself, and with the Faculty and the 
Alumni. Its efforts are constantly directed to the closer 
union of the undergraduates, and the development of a 
healthy Technology spirit. To these ends it welcomes 
at all times criticisms of existing conditions, requests for 
investigations, suggestions for improvements; in fact, op- 
portunities for the advancement of student interests along 
any line. A suggestion box is kept in the Union to re- 
ceive such communications. 



Class Organization 

The organization of the classes at the Institute is not 
at all complicated, and to understand the manner of 
conducting the undergraduate activities connected with 
any one of the classes is practically to know all. The 
constitutions of the Junior and the Freshman classes, and 
of the Senior and the Sophomore classes are alike, for it 
has become an unwritten law that the incoming Freshman 
class adopt a constitution similar to, if not identical with, 
that of their guardians, the Juniors. 



CLASS ORGANIZATION 6i 

The first meeting of an incoming class is called by the 
officers of the Junior class for the purpose of bringing the 
Freshmen together and organizing them for their Field 
Day preparations. A temporary chairman and secretary 
are elected, as well as managers for class Football, Relay, 
and Tug-of-War teams. The candidates are nominated at 
large by the class, and when their nominations are 
seconded, are called up on the platform or stand before 
the meeting. The voting then takes place by a rising 
vote, and a plurality elects. The newly-elected chairman 
holds office until the regular class election, which takes 
place not later than the fourth Saturday of the term. 
He presides at all meetings, superintends class preparations 
for Field Day, and in general supervises class work. The 
Chairman also appoints the committee for counting bal- 
lots and carrying through the regular class election of 
officers. 

The temporary Secretary keeps the minutes of the meet- 
ings and, until the election of the regular Secretary, acts 
as assistant to the Chairman. He also attends to the 
printing of ballots for the class election and receives all 
nominations, each nomination requiring the signatures of 
ten members of the class. 

After this election the new officers immediately take 
charge of their duties. The officers elected are President, 
Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, also two members 
of the Executive Committee, five members of the Athletic 
Association and two members for the Institute Committee. 
The odd year classes ?lso elect an extra officer known as 
the Clerk. 

The duties of the President, Vice-President, Secretary, 
and Treasurer require no explanation, as they are in no 
way peculiar to the Institute organizations. The Clerk 



62 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

of the odd year classes acts as assistant to the President, 
posts class notices, etc. 

The two members who are elected as the Executive 
Committee, with the President, Vice-President, Secretary, 
and Treasurer, form what is known as the Board of 
Directors. This Board directs and sanctions the ex- 
penditures from the treasury to a limited amount, which is 
constitutionally determined by each class. The Board 
also has charge of all class elections and all social and 
general affairs of the class. 

The five men elected to the Athletic Association repre- 
sent the class in all matters connected with athletics, and 
help in carrying on the general work of the Association. 
The present Association was formed in 1907 for the pur- 
pose of increasing the efficiency of the governing body on 
athletics. Until then every member of the Institute had 
been able to become a member of the Athletic Association 
by the payment of a small fee, but as that system failed 
to carry on the work with any degree of dispatch, the 
interest dwindled until its abolition and reorganization. 
Under the new system, five men elected from each of 
the four classes, together with the captains and managers 
of all Institute teams, make up the Association and co- 
operate with the Advisory Council on Athletics. The 
hopes of the founders have to a large extent been realized, 
and the new association has proved less cumbersome and 
more efficient than the old. 

Probably the most important of all undergraduate 
bodies at Technology is the Institute Committee. The 
two Freshmen elected to this committee hold a larger 
place in the field of Institute work than any of their 
classmates, excepting the President, the influence of the 
members having steadily increased with the growth of the 
power of the committee. 



CLASS ORGANIZATION 63 

The plan for the Institute Committee was first de- 
vised by the Class of '93, with the object of furthering 
the interests of Technology, and forming a responsible 
body through which communications could be directly 
made between the students and the Faculty. Its pur- 
poses are very much the same to-day, and the membership 
has been increased so that it now represents fairly every 
branch of the undergraduate activities in the Institute. 
The Point System, management of the Union, and other 
phases of its work are taken up under a separate article, 
so that here it is only necessary to emphasize the fact that 
the Institute Committee offers a great opportunity to an 
incoming student for performing influential and altruistic 
work. 

After the general election of officers in the early fall 
of the first year, no new men are appointed or elected for 
carrying on the class work, excepting the Dinner Com- 
mittees and the Baseball Managers. The Dinner Com- 
mittees generally consist of three men, who are appointed 
by the President to arrange Class Dinners on dates which 
are set by the Board of Directors. The Baseball Man- 
ager and Assistant Manager are appointed by the Board 
of Directors, and the names are brought up in class meet- 
ing for approval. 

In the Sophomore year the class election takes place 
not later than the fourth Saturday of the term. The 
officers are the same as those of the Freshman year, and 
their duties are similar. The new officers take charge of 
their work one week after their election. 

It falls to the lot of the Sophomores, rather than to 
the Freshmen, to make all the arrangements for '' Tech 
Night " at the theatre. These preparations are con- 
ducted by a committee of three, which is appointed from 
the class by the President, and which is known as the 



64 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

Theatre Committee. The work consists In taking a pre- 
liminary canvass of the class to find out how many men 
desire seats for the performance, then in making arrange- 
ments with the manager of some one of the better theatres, 
and in selling the seats among the students. The com- 
mittee also usually succeeds in arranging special Tech- 
nology and class innovations in the performance. The 
men on the committee are responsible for the behavior 
of the students at the theatre, and hence try to suppress 
anything which might lead to general disorder or Injury 
to the furnishings. The expenses of the committee, such 
as decorations, etc., are paid out of the class treasury. 

In March of the Sophomore year the class holds the 
election for the Technique Electoral Committee. This 
committee was first organized by the Class of 1891 for 
the purpose of electing the Technique Board, the Idea 
being that such a committee would select a more respon- 
sible board than would be elected by a popular class elec- 
tion. The Idea worked out so well that it has been fol- 
lowed by every class since. The Board of Directors pre- 
pare a ballot with the names of all the members of the 
class in alphabetical order, and mail one to each member. 
The twenty-five men on the ballot receiving the highest 
number of votes constitute the Electoral Committee. 

At the firsc meeting of the committee, a Chairman and 
Secretary are elected, and a committee Is appointed by the 
chair to frame a constitution. At the next meeting the 
constitution Is brought up for adoption, and when It has 
been adopted, the main business of discussing and electing 
candidates for the fifteen places on the Technique Board 
is commenced. The officers of the board consist of four 
Editors, three Managers, Art Editor, Assistant Art Edi- 
tors, two Statisticians, Athletic Editor, Society Editor. 
These men are selected from the class as a whole, and are 



CLASS ORGANIZATION 65 

judged with regard to their ability to turn out a worthy 
Technique, Many of those on the Electoral Committee 
are elected to the board, but this happens only after the 
other members of the class have been carefully considered. 

This '* making ^' the Technique Board is regarded as one 
of the greatest honors that come to a man in the Institute, 
for the standing of past boards has been high. At the 
electoral meetings seldom more than three men are elected 
at a time, and the discussion of candidates is sometimes so 
searching that the meeting closes without resulting in an 
election. The meetings are held weekly through the latter 
part of April and May, and the Technique Board is sel- 
dom completed much before the end of the term. 

After the fall election of officers in the Junior year, 
there are no further elections until the early part of 
December, when the President calls for nominations for 
members of the Junior Prom Committee. These nomina- 
tion papers require the usual ten endorsers. In addition 
to the President, who is a member ex-officio, there should 
be four on the committee, except when there is a tie for 
fourth place, in which case the men tieing may both or 
all make the committee. The balloting returns are usually 
in by the middle of December, and the committee begins 
to make preliminary arrangements for the Prom by the 
middle of January, the meetings becoming frequent in the 
few weeks preceding Jurior Week when the Prom takes 
place. 

The political year of the Seniors opens with the annual 
election of officers. This election is for several reasons 
the most important of the four years. The President, be- 
sides having the regular duties of his office, is ex-officio 
member and president of the Institute Committee, also 
ex-officio a member of the Class Day Committee, intro- 
ducing the First Marshal at the Class Day exercises. 



66 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The Secretary is generally the first graduate secretary, 
and if possible should reside in or near Boston. There 
is more honor than responsibility connected with the other 
offices. 

The next election of importance is that of the Senior 
Portfolio Committee, and takes place early in December. 
Five men are elected to this committee, and it is their 
duty to publish the portfolio of the class in time for the 
Senior Week festivities. The method of nominating is 
similar to that of other offices and committees. 

The Class Day Committee is the last and most import- 
ant committee to be elected. The election is held about 
the middle of March. Twenty-five men are elected, mak- 
ing, with the President of the class, twenty-six on the com- 
mittee. A ballot containing the names of all the mem- 
bers of the class is issued, and the twenty-five receiving 
the highest number of votes are elected. The duty of the 
committee is to have full charge of the Class Day exer- 
cises and Senior Week festivities. It elects a Statistician 
and Historian, Class Prophet, Presentation Orator, Gift 
Orator, and Class Day Orator. In 1909 the Class Day 
Committee decided not to elect a Class Day Orator. 

By sub-committees of from one to three men, the com- 
mittee takes charge of the following events: Class Dinner, 
Concert of the Musical Clubs, Baccalaureate Sermon, 
Class Day Exercises, Class Spread, Senior Dance, and any 
other matters which may seem advisable. 

The officers of the committee are First, Second, and 
Third Marshals, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. 

The election of the marshals is by popular vote; the 
offices are given to the three men who have done the 
most for their class and are the most popular. The First 
Marshal is Chairman of the Committee, presides at all 
meetings, appoints all sub-committees, and after being 



CLASS CONSTITUTION 67 

presented by the Class President on Class Day, has full 
charge of the Class Day Exercises. For these reasons the 
man holding this position must not only be popular and 
be an unselfish worker for the class, but must have the 
ability to carry out the duties of his office. The offices 
of Second and Third Marshal are purely honorary and do 
not necessarily carry with them any great responsibility. 

The Secretary has the usual duties of that office; the 
Treasurer has charge of all finances of the class con- 
nected with the Senior Week festivities and the Class 
Gift, and his office is an important one. 

There have been two methods of electing the marshals. 
By one the three men receiving the highest number of 
votes of any making the Committee are First, Second, and 
Third Marshals respectively. This method, however, does 
not always elect the man most capable of holding the 
position of First Marshal. With the classes of 1907, 
1908, and 1909, after the committee has been elected, a 
ballot is issued containing the names of all members of 
the committee, except the class president, and three names 
are voted upon by the class. The one receiving the high- 
est number of votes is then First Marshal, the next 
highest Second, and next Third. 

CONSTITUTION OF THE CLASS OF 1912 

OF THE 

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 

ARTICLE I. NAME 

Section i. This organization shall be known as the '' Class 
of 1912 of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.'' 

ARTICLE 2. MEMBERSHIP 

Section i. All persons taking a majority of hours with 
this class shall be eligible to membership. 



68 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

Sect. 2. Any member of this class failing to pay his dues 
before date of election of permanent officers shall forfeit his 
membership and his right to vote; and shall be reinstated only 
on the payment of the same. 

Sect. 3. Any member, who shall for any reason after 
becoming a member of this class take a majority of his hours 
in another class, shall thereby forfeit his membership to this 
class. 

ARTICLE 3. OFFICERS 

Section i. The officers of this class shall consist of a 
President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer; two 
Directors and two representatives to the Institute Committee ; 
all of whom shall constitute a Board of Directors for the 
class. These officers shall be elected for a term of one year. 

article 4. DUTIES 

Section i. The President shall preside over all meetings 
of the class and the Board of Directors, and shall be a mem- 
ber of all committees, ex-oiHcio. 

Sect. 2. The Vice-President shall assume the duties of the 
President in case of the latter's disability, absence, or resigna- 
tion. 

Sect. 3. The Secretary shall perform the regular duties 
pertaining to his office. 

Sect. 4. The Treasurer shall perform the regular duties 
pertaining to his office. 

Sect. 5. The Board of Directors shall have charge of the 
social and general affairs of the class, shall have power to 
make contracts, pay bills, and shall have full control of the 
disposition of class funds and properties, and may enact any 
measures deemed fit for the benefit of the class. 

Sect. 6. No bills or debts shall be paid or assumed with- 
out the sanction of the Board of Directors. 

Sect. 7. The Board of Directors shall meet once a month, 
and at any other time that the President may convene it. 



CLASS CONSTITUTION 69 

ARTICLE 5. DUES 

Section i. The annual dues shall be $1.00 (one dollar), 
and shall be payable before the election of permanent officers. 

Sect. 2. A two-thirds' vote of the members present at the 
class meetings shall be necessary to levy an assessment. 

article 6. MEETINGS 

Section i. Class meetings may be called by the Board of 
Directors, the President, or upon written request to the Presi- 
dent, signed by 30 (thirty) members of the class. 

Sect. 2. All notices of meetings shall be posted on regu- 
lar bulletin boards assigned to the class, at least 3 (three) 
days in advance; except those to consider amendment, which 
shall be posted at least a week in advance. 

Sect. 3. In all meetings those present shall constitute a 
quorum. 

article 7 

Section i. After the adoption of this Constitution, the 
President pro tern shall name a committee on election, con- 
sisting of 4 (four) members of . the class, who are not nomi- 
nees for any office. The meeting will then adjourn and this 
committee on election will arrange for the nomination and 
election of officers in the following manner: 

Sect. 2. Nominations to office shall be made to the com- 
mittee on elections within four days, and, after the Freshman 
year, 7 (seven) days after the committee's appointment. Each 
nomination to be signed by ten or more members of the class. 
The committee shall receive no nominations after 4 p.m. on 
the day that the nominations close. In case less than 3 (three) 
nominations to each office are received, the committee shall 
nominate candidates to make up this number. 

Sect. 3. The committee shall then send printed ballots to 
each member of the class to be filled out and returned. Four 
days after the sending of these ballots, the polls shall be 
closed, the committee shall count the ballots returned, and 
post the results on the bulletin boards. 



70 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

Sect. 4. The candidates receiving a plurality of votes cast 
shall be declared elected. 

Sect. 5. In case of a tie vote, the names of the candidates 
concerned shall be resubmitted to the class for election. 

Sect. 6. Ballots shall be retained one month subject to 
recount, and then destroyed. 

Sect. 7. A demand for recount must be signed by 30 
(thirty) or more members of the class. 

Sect. 8. In succeeding years, each President shall name 
the committee on elections one week before the expiration of 
his term, and the committee shall act in the manner prescribed 
above. 

article 8 

Section i. A special meeting shall be necessary to con- 
sider amendments and the amendments must be stated in the 
call for meeting. 

Sect. 2. A two-thirds' vote of those present shall be neces- 
sary to amend this Constitution. 

ARTICLE 9 

Section i. This Constitution shall go into effect immedi- 
ately upon its adoption. A three-fourths' vote of those present 
shall be necessary for adoption. 



The Tech Show 

In the fall of 1898 the Athletic Association was in 
need of money, and a few prominent students suggested 
that a minstrel show be given in Huntington Hall of 
Rogers Building, and admission charged, the proceeds to 
be given to the Association. The plan grew; it outgrew 
Huntington Hall, and on May 12, 1899, there appeared 
at HoUis Street Theatre the first Tech Show. Boston 
composers wrote the music, the musical clubs aided, so- 
ciety leaders lent their patronage, and a few hundred 
dollars was cleared to keep up the struggle of athletics. 



THE TECH SHOW 71 

The next year It was decided to produce a comic opera, 
and ** The Medicine Man," written by a couple of stu- 
dents, was given. The play was pretty successful, but 
added more to the reputation than to the wealth of the 
Show. In 1 90 1 it was necessary to go outside the Insti- 
tute, and Gilbert and Sullivan's '^ The Grand Duke " was 
presented for the first time in this country. The year 
following, Mrs. Edmonson Walker wrote the words and 
music for a strictly Technology play entitled '* Applied 
Mechanics.'' It dealt with Tech students and co-eds, and 
was the most successful production up to that time, the 
profits amounting to $500. 

In 1903 ''The Scientific King" was given. It w^as 
a comic opera about Technology life and was written 
by Tech students. It did what the others had failed to 
do, — it aroused outside interest in the Show. The repu- 
tation which it has had since was started, and $1000 was 
cleared for athletics. 

" Simon Pure Brass " seems to be generally conceded 
as the best show artistically that Tech has ever given. 
The music was particularly good, and some of it was 
afterward printed in sheet form. Following this success, 
the " Chemical Maid," the " Freshman," " William, Wil- 
lie and Bill," and " Over the Garden Wall " added to 
the fame of the Show, which was now recognized as the 
leading social activity of the Institute, and the chief sup- 
port of athletics. The eleventh show, " That Pill Grimm," 
was perhaps the most successful, being presented five times 
and clearing about $1250. 

If to-day you ask an Institute man what the Tech Show 
is he will say, " It is the best college show in the countr>\" 
Ask a Boston man who has seen a show, and he will say, 
'* The best amateur show given in Boston, — a show with 



72 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

music as good and dialogues as amusing as you will find 
in manj^ a musical comedy of the professional stage." 

The Tech Show is to-day a musical comedy full of 
local hits on the Faculty of the Institute and full of the 
color of Institute life. Two or more performances are 
given at one of the leading theatres of Boston, and usually 
a trip to Northampton or Providence, and a trip to Mai- 
den are included in the bookings. 

The object of the Show is, first, *^ To promote good 
fellowship and student relations at the Institute and to 
bring together on a democratic basis men of all classes.*' 
Its second, — and by no means the lesser object, — is to 
raise funds for the benefit of Institute athletics. 

With the exception of the professional stage director, 
the musical director, and the orchestra, the whole pro- 
duction is the work of Tech students. Tech men write 
the book, the lyrics, and the music. Tech men take the 
principal parts, and serve as chorus men and chorus girls. 
Tech men manage the production, make the bookings, and 
handle the money. 

The first call for the cast is usually In the first week 
of the second term. For *' That Pill Grimm " there were 
one hundred and fifty candidates for the sixty odd places. 
The men are picked by the directors for their voices, their 
looks, and their ability to dance gracefully. Rehearsals 
then begin. Principals are schooled in their parts, and 
the chorus is drilled in the songs and dances. Rehearsals 
are held three times a week for principals and three times 
a week for the chorus, till the Show Is given in the middle 
of April. 

The watchword of the Show has always been *' The 
best man for the place." In accordance with this rule, 
all the places in the cast and on the management are 
filled by competition. Lyrics and music are selected by 



THE TECH SHOW 73 

competition, the stage department acting as judges. The 
man submitting a book for the Show hands it in with 
only a number attached, so that personal considerations 
shall have no chance to interfere with the choice of the 
best book among those offered. The management selects 
the book, and the author is announced at the annual Show 
Dinner, which is given at the Tech Union in the fall 
with the object of arousing interest in the coming show. 

The management of the Show is divided into three de- 
partments, — Stage, Business, and Advertising, each hav- 
ing its department manager and assistants. 

The General Manager is the executive head of the 
Show and is preferably a Senior with three years' ex- 
perience in the Show. He is responsible for the policy 
of the Show, the method of conducting business, and the 
work of his subordinates. He approves all contracts be- 
fore they are signed, and all bills and expense accounts 
before they are paid. He requires monthly detailed re- 
ports from the department managers which, if approved 
by him, are placed on file. 

The Business Manager is personally responsible for all 
funds of the Show, and has in his charge all the fiscal af- 
fairs. He is preferably a Junior with two years' experience 
in the Show. H? has three assistants, preferably one 
Sophomore with one year's experience and two Fresh- 
men. With his assistants he solicits advertisements for 
the program and arranges for its publication. 

The Stage Manager is preferably a Junior with two 
years' experience in his department. He has two assist- 
ants, one preferably a Sophomore of one year's experience, 
and one preferably a Freshman. The Stage Manager is 
responsible for a finished and successful production of the 
Show. He has complete control of the rehearsals and 
production, and of the cast. 



74 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The Advertising Manager is preferably a Junior with 
two years' experience in the Show, and he has two as- 
sistants qualified as in the case of the Stage Manager's 
assistants. The Advertising Manager has charge of the 
advertising. He advertises the Show in Boston by posters, 
newspaper stories, and advertisements, and is responsible 
for the advertising in towns where the Show is produced. 

The idea of the class regulation of the management is 
this. A man enters one department in his Freshman year. 
In his Junior year, if he has proved worthy, he is fit for 
the position of manager of that department. The General 
Manager is chosen from the department managers. This 
yearly promotion assures a management sufficiently ex- 
perienced to handle the affairs of the Show. 

The books of the Show are kept by an experienced 
bookkeeper and the stenographer at the Union takes all 
letters. Thus the management is relieved of much of 
the routine work. 

An Advisory Committee, consisting of Mr. Rand, 
Bursar of the Institute, Mr. M. L. Emerson, General 
Manager of the 1904 Show, and the President of the 
Senior Class, audits the books twice yearly, and approves 
appointments and promotions in the management. 

The Tech Show to-day is a great factor in the life of 
the Institute. The interest in it is such that seats for the 
performances must be assigned by allotment. For the last 
few years the Boston houses have been sold out when the 
curtain went up. The finish and quality of the perform- 
ance is now very high indeed, and, with the systematic 
methods of handling business which the management has 
lately adopted, it is well worth the while of students to 
go into the Show for the good times and the training of 
the chorus, or for the business training of the management. 



TECHNIQUE 75 

Technique 

Technique, the Institute Year-Book, is published by 
the Junior Class and is issued at the beginning of Junior 
Week. It is named after the publishing class. 

The first volume of Technique was a pamphlet of 
some hundred and seventy pages, published in 1885, and 
called '' Technique, '87." From this it has grown until 
now it has reached as high a standard of excellence as it 
is possible to attain in the time during which it must be 
prepared. For a number of years it has been a neatly 
bound, well arranged book of some four hundred pages. 
A standard size has been adopted, and since arrangement 
and material have been practically the same in all the later 
books, the chief points of rivalry have been artistic finish 
and the introduction of new departments. The book is 
issued in Junior Week, and the " rush '' which attends 
the distribution of the first copies is one of the events of 
the week. The first five men who succeed in struggling 
to the window where the copies are given out, and in 
presenting their tickets, have the money paid for the ticket 
refunded; the first twenty-five men receive copies signed 
by the President of the Institute. 

The Technique Board is elected each spring by the 
Technique Electoral Committee. This committee is com- 
posed of twenty-five men elected from the Sophomore 
class by popular vote. The committee in making appoint- 
ments to the board is supposed to consider every man in 
the class on his merits, w^ithout reference to his popularity 
with members of the class. 

The Board is composed of an Editor-in-Chief; Athletic, 
Society, Grind, Class History, and Faculty editors; two 
Statisticians; a Business Manager and several assistants; 
and an Art Editor and assistants. 



76 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The Editor-in-Chlef acts as chairman of all meetings. 
He should see that all work assigned to the different mem- 
bers of the Board is done on time. He should be a fellow 
with original ideas and should be enthusiastic about the 
work. The Class History Editor, as his title indicates, has 
charge of the department of class histories. His duty is 
to obtain four original class histories by competition. The 
Grind Editor is in charge of perhaps the most important 
part of the annual, for if his department does not possess 
originality and a clever vein of humor, general opinion 
will taboo the whole book. The Faculty Editor must at- 
tend to the Faculty department, and is also expected to co- 
operate with other departments. The Athletic Editor 
must compile the results of all meets and games, and has 
supervision of the athletic department. 

The two statisticians make out a list of questions, which 
is sent to every member in the class, and compile the results 
for publication. The Society Editor collects lists of mem- 
bers of all clubs, societies, and fraternities. The Treasurer 
must have charge of all funds and oversight of the sale of 
all books. 

The Business Manager and his assistants have the re- 
sponsibility of financing the book; and upon their work 
depends the amount of money which can be spent upon the 
publication. They must obtain advertisements and must sell 
the book. Several of the assistants are picked by compe- 
tition. The general appearance of the book rests almost en- 
tirely with the Art Editor and his staff. Since in this respect 
the book can vary greatly from year to year, the com- 
parison of one book with another is in great part based 
upon the art work. Positions on this staff are open to 
competition. 

Technique, although published by Juniors, depends 
a great deal upon literary and artistic contributions from 



THE TECH 77 

the members of all classes. In fact, the success of the 
Grind, Class History, and Art departments requires the co- 
operation of a large majority who are not on the Board, 
or even in the Junior class. It is also particularly ad- 
vantageous for members of the Freshman and Sophomore 
classes to contribute work, in order that their electoral 
committees may have something definite by which to judge 
the capabilities of candidates for the Board. 

The honor of being on the Technique Board is great. 
The experience, too, is worth while, and the members 
of the Board receive valuable knowledge of the printing 
and the engraving business. 

All issues of Technique are kept on file at the Union 
and may be taken from the case by obtaining the key of 
the case at the Cage. These books, especially some of the 
older ones, are quite valuable and care should be taken 
not to mutilate them. 

The price of Technique is $2.00 per copy. 



The Tech 

After several unsuccessful attempts had been made 
to establish and maintain a college paper at the Institute, 
The Tech finally appeared in November, 1881, being 
issued once a fortnight. It was in the form of a 
pamphlet, and contained not only Institute news, but also 
verse, stories, and occasionally articles of a scientific nature. 
Until 1889, the paper was managed by a board of seven 
directors who were elected from the various classes. In 
1892, The Tech became a weekly; in 1905 it was issued 
three times a week; and this fall (1909) it becomes a 
daily. Important events in Institute affairs are often 
marked by the appearance of '* extras." 



78 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The issue is now journalistic in form, consisting of four 
pages of four columns each. In addition to the news 
articles, the issue contains editorials, communications, cur- 
rent events, news from other colleges, notices, and a 
calendar of coming events. Cuts often enliven the pages 
and advertisements help to support the paper. 

The management of the paper is left entirely in the 
hands of the staffs. The Editorial Staff consists, at pres- 
ent, of editor-in-chief, managing editor, athletic, societies, 
Institute, and exchange editors. These have the duties 
generally associated with their offices. Each issue has also 
a special staff of its own, consisting of an associate editor 
and a news staff. The associate editor is the managing 
editor of the issue assigning *' write-ups '* to members of 
the news staff, preparing the ^' dummy,'* managing the 
work at the printer's, proof-reading, etc. 

The business staff of The Tech consists of a business 
manager and an advertising staff. They are in charge of 
the finances, procuring advertisements and attending to 
all bills. One member of the advertising staff is assigned 
to each issue to obtain and to arrange the advertise- 
ments. 

The circulation staff consists of a circulation manager 
and circulation staff, whose duty it is to see that each issue 
is properly distributed and that copies are sent to sub- 
scribers. 

The board of The Tech is made up each year almost 
entirely of members of the two lower classes. The 
Juniors are often obliged by the Point System to give up 
their work on The Tech on account of election to posi- 
tions on Technique. Thus there is always a splendid 
opportunity for new men. No previous experience is 
necessary, the main requirement being reliability. The 
experience to be gained in the literary department is not 



CALENDAR 79 

only along literary lines, but also in the practical experi- 
ence of planning and running a paper. The executive 
work of management or assistance at the printer's is an- 
other valuable characteristic of the work, which comes 
sooner or later to each candidate. The business and cir- 
culation staffs also offer excellent business practice. One 
of the most valuable points of the work upon The Tech 
is the acquaintance that it gives with Institute men and 
Institute affairs. The Tech need not take too much of 
the candidate's time, since he will be called upon to work 
for the one issue chosen to suit his convenience. In- 
formation will be given at the office in Engineering C, 
just outside of the Union. 



The Senior Portfolio 

The Senior Portfolio is published during the Senior 
year by a committee of five Seniors. It contains the pic- 
tures and histories of all Seniors, and of those who have at 
any time been connected with the class. Pictures of the 
President, officers of the Faculty, heads of G^urses, class 
teams and committees, and of the buildings are often 
added. The book is neatly bound in leather, and is gen- 
erally issued just before Senior Week at a cost of $6.00. 

Valuable experience in methods of printing, engraving, 
and binding is obtained by those who are on the com- 
mittee. 



Calendar 

September. The Institute opens the first Wednesday 

after September 25. Registration ma- 
Registration. . , . i • r» t^ -ij- l 

teriai is ready m Rogers Buildmg about a 

week before the opening of the term (see article on Regis- 
tration), New men especially should be on hand the 



8o UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

first of the week so as to be settled and to have regis- 
tration complete by Wednesday at lo o'clock. Pro- 
fessors and instructors can be found in the General 
Library on the first two days of the week and are always 
ready to answer questions and give advice. Also, there 
is always a large number of upper-classmen on hand who 
are willing to answer questions and to help in filling out 
registration material. Don't be afraid to ask questions of 
anybody. The President addresses the class, on the first 
day of the term, in Huntington Hall, and shortly after- 
Organization of ward the Juniors organize the Fresh- 
Freshman Class, nian Class. It is very important that 
all Freshmen be present at both of these meetings. At 
the latter temporary officers are elected, and the success 
of Field Day (see article on Athletics and Class Organ- 
ization) is largely due to their efforts. 

October. On the Friday night of the week in which 
Y. M. C. A. the term opens, the Y. M. C. A. holds 
Reception. [^^ reception to new men at the Technology 
Union. Among the speakers are the Dean and the heads 
of the various student activities. A great number of upper- 
classmen, especially Juniors, are present; refreshments are 
served, and the evening is spent in making acquaintances 
and in getting the first glimpse of Institute life. 

The first of the regular Friday night entertainments 
The Union ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Union on the following 
Friday Night Friday. These entertainments, which con- 
Entertainments, gjg^ usually of talks by prominent men, 
begin at eight o'clock, lasting about an hour, and are fol- 
lowed by light refreshments at the small cost of ten cents. 
This night has been chosen as the one on which the ma- 
jority of students could attend without interfering with 
the preparation of Institute work. No games or meets at 
the Gymnasium and no class or club dinners are held on 



CALENDAR 81 

this evening, so that the success of these meetings is not in- 
terfered with by other activities. (See article on The 
Union.) 

November. The end of the first five 
First w^eeks usually comes the first week of 

Examinatfons. November. Examinations lasting about 
one hour are given in all subjects to 
the Freshmen and Sophomores. These are all over, how- 
ever, before Field Day, w^hich comes 
early in this month, and is held on a 
Friday afternoon, all exercises at the Institute being sus- 
pended at twelve o'clock. In the evening the two lower 
classes celebrate ** Tech Night'* at some theatre. (See 
article on Athletics.) 

Thanksgiving Thanksgiving Day is a holiday, but 
Day. only the one day is given. 

Second December. The second five weeks ex- 

Five Weeks aminations are always completed before 
Examinations. ^\^^ week preceding Christmas vacation. 
A Christmas recess of one week is given, and the exact 
Christmas date is determined by vote of the Faculty 
Vacation. ^ f^^ wrecks beforehand. For those who 
are unable to go home at this time, the Entertainment 
Christmas Committee gives an entertainment at 
Eve at the the Union on Christmas Eve. Small 
nion. presents are given to all those who at- 

tend, refreshments are served, and a very pleasant even- 
ing is spent. 

January. As New Year's Day is not a holiday in 
New Year's Day. New England, exercises go on as usual. 
The mid-year examinations for Seniors and Juniors be- 
gin about the twentieth of the month, 

Ex^fSns. ^"^'^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ Sophomores and Fresh- 
men begin some days later and last from 



82 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

five to SIX days. Schedules of examinations are given out 
Mid-year about a week beforehand. After the last 
Vacation . examination, there is a vacation of ten 
days before the second term begins. 

February. The second term begins on the first 
Term Tuesday after February 4. Material for regis- 
tration is often ready before or during the mid- 
year vacation. It is advisable to procure this as soon as 
possible and to register, even before reports on examina- 
tions are received. Reports are mailed to stu- 
dents the Saturday before the opening of the 
second term. 
Washington's Washington's Birthday is a holiday. 

Birthday. and all Institute buildings are closed. 
March. The first five weeks examinations of the 
Five Weeks second term come about the middle of 
Examinations, the month. First term deficiencies have 
to be made up before the end of the month. 

April. The second five weeks examinations are over 
just before the nineteenth. 

Junior Week comes the week of the nineteenth. Three 

T • W k ^^^^ ^"^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ given for it by 
the Faculty, making, with Saturday and 
Sunday, a vacation of at least five days. As the name 
signifies, the events of the week are more particularly 
Junior affairs, and in most part are run by the Junior 
Class. The '' Technique Rush '' (see article on Tech- 
nique) usually starts off the week, and for the last few 
years Technique has come out at 12.15 the Saturday be- 
fore the nineteenth. The Musical Clubs give their con- 
cert (see article on Musical Clubs) on one of the even- 
ings of the week, and this is followed by a dance. Both 
are well attended by members of all classes, and have be- 
come very popular. The Tech Show gives its performance 



CALENDAR 83 

on different afternoons of the week (see article on Tech 
Show) and the house is always crowded. Several fra- 
ternities give teas, at which many friends are present, and 
a few have house parties. By far the biggest event of the 
week IS the Junior Prom. This is held at the Somerset, 
and the large ballroom at this hotel is always taxed to 
its limit of five hundred. The Prom is attended for the 
most part by the Juniors and Seniors. Sophomores sup- 
port it to some extent, but Freshmen are generally con- 
spicuous by their absence. 

May. During the month there are generally two or 

three dual meets with the track teams 

of other New England colleges. The 

New England IntercoUegiates are held about the middle 

of the month at Tech Field, and on the following week 

comes the IntercoUegiates at the Stadium, Cambridge. 

Final examinations take up the last two weeks of May, 

the examinations for the under-classmen 

Examinations. Starting as usual some days later than 

those for upper-classmen. 

June. The Senior examinations are over on Tuesday, 

one week before graduation. The Senior 

Dinner^. E)inner, generally held at the American 

House on the Thursday evening before 

Commencement, starts the festivities of Senior Week. 

As this is the last class dinner, every one is present and the 

^^ . dinner is a great success. Notices of gradu- 

Notices of ^. . 1 . . T 

Graduation. ^^^^^ ^^^ given out on this evening. Later 

in the evening the class marches up to 

Rogers Building, when the notices are given out. On 

Saturday is the concert of the Musical Clubs, which is 

Senior Dance, ^^^ually not followed by a dance, the Senior 

Dance coming the following Monday. The 

Baccalaureate Baccalaureate Sermon has always been held 

Sermon. ^^ Sunday at 4.00 P.M. in Trinity Church. 



84 UNDERGRADUATE LIFE 

The Class Day exercises (see article on Qass Organ- 
Class ization) are held in Huntington Hall on 
Day- Mondaj^ afternoon, and these are followed 

by the Spread on the lawn between the Rogers and the 
Walker Buildings. Tuesday morning the Seniors visit 
the different professors in their offices, and rehearse for 
Graduation the graduation exercises, which come in the 
Exercises, afternoon at 2. 30. These are followed by 
the reception of the President to the Seniors in the 
General Library. 

Tech Night at the Pops is usually held on Tuesday 

Tech Night evening of graduation week. The event 

at the Pops. ^^3 been increasingly popular, till for the 

last few years tickets have been on sale only for Tech 

men for themselves and their friends, — floor tickets for 

the men and balcony tickets for their friends. 

On this evening many of the alumni classes have class 
dinners, and go to Symphony Hall in a body. Seats on 
the floor of the hall are assigned by classes, with the 
graduating class at the front of the hall, then the oldest of 
the alumni classes, with the youngest classes at the back 
of the hall. 

As each class comes into the corridor, an usher brings 
Its class banner, and the class in a body is escorted to its 
place in the hall amid cheering by themselves and the other 
classes. Cheering continues throughout the evening, es- 
pecially between the numbers of the program. After the 
concert, the classes all march down Huntington Avenue 
and form in front of Rogers Building, where there Is 
more cheering, the front of the building sometimes being 
illuminated v/ith red fire or electric lights. 



ATHLETICS 

EMBOSSED on a tablet over the gate which gives 
entrance to the Institute Athletic Field the follow- 
ing w^ords may be read: 

" Not the Quarry, but the Chase, 
Not the Laurel, but the Race, 
Not the Hazard, but the Play, 
Make me, Lord, Enjoy Alway." 

These words are truly typical of the athletic spirit 
which pervades Technology. There is a definite aim, not 
to develop a few individual stars, not to turn out a crack 
team solely by devoting all energies to a dozen or more 
first-class men, but rather to interest a large proportion of 
the student body in healthy, hearty, life-giving exercise in 
the time available for such work. 

In 1902, 'Varsity football and baseball were abolished 
by vote of the student body. It was found that the con- 
ditions under which the Institute students work do not 
allow of the necessary cooperation for the development of 
efficient team-work, and that too few men were being 
benefited by these sports. This may be readily under- 
stood when it is noted that the regular Institute exercises 
extend until four o'clock in the afternoon, and that the 
daily work is too important to admit of a team's making 
any out-of-town trips. 

A new policy was inaugurated, — that of arousing in- 
terest in track work, where individual effort is the greatest 
factor of success; in gymnasium work, which is essential to 
student life in a city, and particularly in interclass com- 
petition. The policy has in seven years produced most 

85 



86 ATHLETICS 

gratifying results, and with it has grown a strong interest 
in minor athletics, which are well supported. 

All branches of athletics at Technology are now con- 
trolled by a student athletic association composed of five 
representatives from each class, the captain and managers 
of the several teams, and by an Advisory Council made 
up of four prominent graduates and three undergraduates. 
With these two committees rests entire jurisdiction as to 
awards of letters and numerals, as to the management of 
the teams, as to the financing of and all matters pertaining 
to athletics. The Faculty have no ruling barring students 
from competition because of deficiency in studies. It is 
felt and understood by all that a student's primary object 
at the Institute is to graduate, and each man is left to be 
the judge of his own capabilities. 

One of the biggest days on the Technology calendar is 
the Annual Field Day, held early in November, between 
the Sophomores and Freshmen. The first Field Day was 
held November 19, 1901, as a substitute for the old Cane 
Rush. The Field Day games, however, are not the cre- 
ation of any one year, but are the evolution of twenty 
years' experience, having been developed from a desire to 
settle at the beginning of the college year the natural 
rivalry between the two lower classes. 

The first contest between the Freshmen and the Sopho- 
mores at Technology was a football game between the 
classes of 1889 and 1890 in November, 1886. The game 
was hotly contested, and the Freshmen finally won by a 
score of 4 to o. As was natural, the Freshmen were 
greatly excited over the victory, and gave vent to their 
feelings in such a manner that the Sophomores, maddened 
by defeat, rushed upon them, and a general scrimmage 
followed. A cane was held aloft as a challenge and a hard 
fight of twenty minutes' duration followed. The Sopho- 



ATHLETICS 87 

mores captured the stick, and fortunately no one was 
injured. 

From this time until 1900 the football game and a cane 
rush between the lower classes was an established event 
upon the college calendar. Each year the cane rush be- 
came more furious, and as early as 1891 it was found 
necessary to frame a set of rules to govern the contest. 
Even then numerous minor casualties occurred; but in 
1900, in the scrimmage after the football game, a mem- 
ber of the Freshman class, H. C. Moore, was fatally in- 
jured. On account of this accident, the cane rush was 
abolished. 

In the following year, 1901, the new plan of regularly 
ordered Field Day games, as developed by the Advisory 
Council on Athletics and Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, then 
President of the Institute, was tried with such great suc- 
cess that it has been continued from that time until this 
day. The plan provided for a football game, a relay race, 
and a tug-of-war with Freshmen and Sophomores as the 
opposing teams. To stimulate rivalry, a beautiful silver 
championship cup was offered by an alumnus, Samuel 
Cabot. On it are a Technology Seal and fifty panels. 
An inscription around the base reads: '' He Who Shuns 
the Dust and Heat of the Arena Shall Not Enjoy the 
Cool Shade of the Olive Branch of Victory.'* 

Each year, in one of the panels, are placed the numerals 
of the winning class. Nine of the panels are now ( 1909) 
filled, and it is a singular fact that only tu^o classes have 
failed to get their numerals upon the cup. These are 
1904 and 191 1, the first and the last of the Sophomore 
classes which have competed. 

The candidates for these class teams are called out 
immediately upon the opening of the Fall term. Practice 
for the football and the relay teams is held at the Tech 



88 ATHLETICS 

Field in Brookline, and for the tug-of-war teams at the 
Gymnasium on Garrison Street. 

Each football team plans a schedule of games with 
surrounding preparatory schools preliminary to the cham- 
pionship game on Field Day. Practice is held daily from 
4.30 to 6.00 under paid coaches. The halves of the Field 
Day game are of twenty minutes each. The members 
of each team and six substitutes receive their numerals. 
To the winning team four points are awarded toward the 
Field Day score. In case of a tie, the points are divided. 

The relay teams are composed of twelve men each. 
Each man runs 220 yards, carrying a small flag which he 
passes to his team-mate. The record for the complete 
distance, i^ miles, is 5 minutes, giving an average of 
25 seconds per man. It is at present (1909) shared by 
the classes of 1908 and 19 10. Numerals are awarded to 
the members and two substitutes of the winning team 
only, and three points are given this team toward the total 
score. It is an interesting fact to note that, as far as is 
known, this is the only running relay race in which an 
article is actually carried by the contestants to be success- 
ively passed from one to the other. In the so-called 
relay races at the Boston Athletic Association games, and 
at similar races in New York, and at the Pennsylvania 
Relay Carnivals, in fact, in races throughout the country, 
the runners are supposed to touch hands or some part of 
the body. 

Twenty-five men are needed for each tug-of-war team, 
and the contest is one of the most interesting on the pro- 
gram. Two out of three pulls settle the contest, and 
in this event there is an almost unbroken chain of Fresh- 
man victories. The sport is not so simple as it at first 
appears, and many a time the class with the better ma- 
chine work has pulled a heavier team off its feet. To the 



ATHLETICS 89 

twenty-five men of the winning team and two substitutes 
class numerals are given, and two points are allowed 
toward the total score. 

The class with largest total score resulting from the 
three contests earns the right to have its numerals en- 
graved on a panel of the Field Day cup. Moreover, 
unless a class has won a Field Day, none of its members 
are allowed to smoke a class pipe during their Freshman 
or Sophomore years. 

On the evening of Field Day the members of all the 
teams, together with all their supporters from the two 
lower classes and large numbers of upper-classmen, at- 
tend some theatre in a body. This event, known as 
" Tech Night," is planned out by theatre committees 
weeks in advance. The house is, as a rule, almost en- 
tirely sold out to Tech men; and the theatrical manage- 
ment decorates the theatre in red and gray and introduces 
local hits and special Tech songs into the play. M. I. T. 
yells, class yells, and Tech songs fill up the time between 
the acts, and a good-natured volley of confetti and 
streamers is maintained between the classes and often with 
the actors. The Sophomores have seats in the orchestra, 
the Freshmen in the balconies, and the boxes are given 
over to the teams. Altogether this evening is one well 
spent and not soon forgotten. 

After Field Day all rivalry between the lower classes 
is at an end, and all the contestants are invited to a Field 
Day Dinner held at the Union. At this dinner the big 
silver cup is passed from hand to hand, never touching 
the table, and each man before he drinks gives his name 
and the town or city from which he comes. 

Technology's biggest 'Varsity team is the track team, 
and for many years a high standard has been maintained. 
Technology is a member of the New England Intercol- 



90 ATHLETICS 

legiate Athletic Association, and has recently been ad- 
mitted to the Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Ath- 
letics of America. 

All outdoor work is carried on at the Tech Field, 
situated in Brookline, about a twenty-minute car ride 
from the Institute. The Tech Field was bought by the 
Institute in 1902 and was made over into an athletic field 
in 1904. The spectators' accommodations, the dressing- 
room, the baths, and the fence about the field were pro- 
vided through the generosity of Mr. George Wiggles- 
worth (Harvard, 1874), w^ho, as treasurer of the Institute 
and member of the Corporation, has always taken a deep 
interest in the welfare of the students. 

The field has a quarter-mile track, with a lOO-yard 
and a 220-yard straightaway; broad jumping, high jump- 
ing, and pole vaulting pits; suitable places for hammer 
and discus throwing and shot putting; space for football 
and baseball games; two tennis courts; a locker room and 
dressing quarters with baths; and two grandstands. The 
track has the reputation of being one of the fastest in 
New England, and the annual Intercollegiate Track and 
Field Meets of the New England Intercollegiate Athletic 
Association are held here. 

Under the auspices of the M. I. T. A. A. three inter- 
class meets are held annually: the Fall Handicap (pre- 
ceding Field Day), the Indoor Meet (a scratch meet held 
in the Tech Gymnasium during January), and the Spring 
Meet (an outdoor scratch meet held in April). Besides 
these are usually one or two dual meets and the New 
England Intercollegiates. 

Major Briggs, 1881, has presented a cup upon which 
the class which makes the highest total number of points 
in the two scratch interclass meets has its numerals en- 
graved. Also, three cups are annually presented in the 



ATHLETICS 91 

Spring Meet to the winners of the mile, the quarter- 
mile, and the 120-yard hurdles events. These cups, which 
are the gifts of alumni who made good in these events, 
J. L. Batchelder, Jr., 1890, Dr. J. A. Rockwell, 1896, 
and Benjamin Hurd, 1896, are duplicated annually. The 
usual prizes in all other events at the Fall and Spring 
Meets are M. I. T. A. A. medals, and at the Winter 
Meet suitable cups. 

Technology now holds three track records in the New 
England Intercollegiates, the 220-yard dash, the half- 
mile and the two-mile runs. For several years Technology 
has finished in fourth place or better in these meets. A 
list of the Institute records is published at the end of 
this article. 

In connection with the track team and under the same 
management are relay and cross-country teams. A relay 
team is entered annually in the Boston Athletic Associa- 
tion Meet, and for two years this team has made the 
fastest time of any team entered. The 1908 Technology 
team holds the track record for the Lawrence Light Guard 
Meet, and the 1909 team now holds the Intercollegiate 
record of America. This latter feat was accomplished in 
competition, on February 22, 1909, against Wesleyan at 
Troy, N. Y., when the team was within 2-5 of a second 
of the world's record. A relay team is sent annually to 
the Pennsylvania Relay Carnival, and in three years the 
Institute has won two first places and one third. 

The training for cross-country work consists in a great 
part of weekly Hare and Hound runs. The team an- 
nually competes with Harvard and has won three out of 
five races over a 43^ -mile course. Technology has been 
recently admitted to the Intercollegiate Cross-Country 
Association, and at Princeton last fall was second to 
Cornell over eight other colleges. Since, however, Tech 



92 ATHLETICS 

was not a member of the Association at the time, her 
points did not count on the official score. Many students 
take the Hare and Hounds runs from pure enjoyment of 
the sport, with no intention of trying for the team, and 
find them a most profitable form of exercise. 

All track work since the fall of 1907 has been under 
the direction of Coach Frank M. Kanaly. Mr. Kanaly 
has an enviable record as an amateur and professional 
athlete, and it is owing in large measure to his efforts 
that track athletics at the Institute are on their present 
plane. 

A basket-ball team is maintained at Technology, and 
a schedule of from sixteen to twenty games is played 
with other colleges. Several trips are taken, including 
one of a week's duration to New York during the mid- 
year vacation. The 1909 team won a majority of its 
games, defeating Dartmouth, Harvard, Williams, and 
other colleges. 

The ice hockey team has each year been more and more 
a credit to the college, and recently some fast combinations 
have been turned out. As large a schedule as the ice 
permits is played each year, and a trip is taken in January. 

A tennis team is entered in the N. E. I. L. T. A. 
meets each year, and two championships have resulted in 
recent years. Technology has at present six points won 
in competition for the New England Intercollegiate cup; 
eight points being necessary to win the cup. Annual Fall 
and Spring tournaments are conducted at the Institute, 
and usually there is a dual meet with some college. 

Although fencing has been poorly supported, the 1909 
Institute team made a very creditable showing. It went 
through a schedule of eight meets undefeated until the 
IntercoUegiates were reached. The team passed the pre- 
liminaries here and took fourth place in the finals. On 



ATHLETICS 93 

account of the small number of men interested in fencing, 
as well as by reason of the poor support which was given 
the team, it was deemed advisable in the spring of 1909 
to drop the sport. The prevailing sentiment was that it 
was better to end a sport at the close of a successful sea- 
son, rather than to wait until it should die a natural death 
through reverses and ever-weakening enthusiasm. 

Freshman and Sophomore class teams in baseball and 
basket-ball play a schedule of games with other schools 
and a series of games for the class championships. Also 
a Freshman and Sophomore Cross-Country race is held 
each spring, for a class cup known as the Cross-Country 
Cup. Numerals are awarded the winning teams. 

Golf, rifle, and gymnasium teams complete the list of 
Technology athletics. The latter two are not under ath- 
letic control. 

The Gymnasium is a separate building at the foot of 
Garrison Street. It contains lockers and showers, and is 
well equipped with apparatus. Around the floor is a 
nineteen-lap running-track w^ith raised corners. 

All first-year students take a course in physical train- 
ing. At the beginning of the year five lectures on the 
relation of exercise to health are given. Later each stu- 
dent reports at the Gymnasium and takes a physical ex- 
amination. After Field Day, or about the middle of 
November, gymnasium classes commence. Each section 
has two hours a week. The work ends in April, and a 
second examination is given to each student. 

Bronze medals, known as the Cabot Medals for im- 
provement in Physical Training, are aw^arded to the five 
or six men showing the greatest physical improvement for 
the year. 

A Freshman may substitute track work for physical 
training by reporting to the Athletic Coach three times 



94 ATHLETICS 

a week. During the fall and spring, the track work is 
done at the Field, but during the winter months it is 
done in the Gymnasium. No track work is required dur- 
ing December. 

A medical director is provided by the Faculty, and he 
may be consulted, by any student free of charge, on two 
afternoons of the week. 

A conservative estimate would seem to show that, under 
the present system of athletics at Technology about one- 
fourth of the student body is interested in some form of 
athletics, exclusive of the compulsory gymnasium work 
in the first year. 

Every m.an competing in Field or Track Sports, in 
Cross-Country runs, or in Relay races, undergoes a thor- 
ough medical examination before each competition. 

The managers of nearly all the teams are picked in 
open competition. 

Season tickets to athletic games may be purchased for 
$3.00. These admit the bearer to all home track meets, 
indoor and outdoor, except the N. E. I. A. A. Meeting; 
to Field Day; to all Basket-Ball games at the Technology 
Gymnasium; to all other athletic contests held at the 
Technology Gymnasium or Athletic Field under the direct 
auspices of the Advisory Council. Holders of season 
tickets will be given preference to reserved seats (not ex- 
ceeding two) at Tech Field Day, at all track meets, and 
in the Tech sections at the B. A. A., N. E. I. A. A, and 
I. C. A. A. A. A. Meets. 



Qualifications for Letters and Numerals 

The following are entitled to *' T's '* : 
(i) Winners of points at the annual meet of the 
New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association. 



LETTERS AND NUMERALS 95 

(2) Winners of points at the annual meet of the 
Intercollegiate Amateur Athletic Association of America. 

(3) Participants in the semi-final (either singles or 
doubles) in the annual tournament of the New England 
Intercollegiate Lawn Tennis Association. 

(4) Winners (either singles or members of a team) 
in the annual tournament of the New England Intercol- 
legiate Golf Association. 

(5) Winners (either singles or members of a team) 
in the annual tournament of the Intercollegiate Fencing 
Association. 

(6) Members of a winning team, or any man making 
fifteenth place or better at the annual run of the Inter- 
collegiate Cross-Country Association. 

The following are entitled to *^ aTa '' : 

( 1 ) Winners of first place in open class meetings. 

(2) Winners of points in dual or triangular inter- 
collegiate meetings. 

(3) Members of the M. I. T. Relay Teams. 

(4) Manager of the Track Team. 

The following are entitled to *'cTc": 

( 1 ) The four men making the fastest time in the an- 
nual open Cross-Country Race. 

(2) Any man making seventh place or better in dual 
or triangular intercollegiate meetings previously designated 
by the Advisory Council. 

The following are entitled to " ITt," '' gTt," '' fTt," 
respectively, for Lawn Tennis, Golf, and Fencing: 

Winners in dual or triangular intercollegiate meetings 
previously designated by the Advisory Council. 

" ITt " winners of singles and doubles in the M. I. T. 
Intramural championships. 



96 ATHLETICS 

The following are entitled to class numerals: 

( 1 ) Winners of points in open class meetings. 

(2) Members of winning Baseball Team and Man- 
ager in the Spring series. 

(3) Participants on Technology Field Day as fol- 
lows: 

(a) Members of both Football Teams, includ- 
ing Managers. 

(b) Members of the winning team in the Relay 
Race, including Manager. 

(c) Members of the winning Tug-of-War 
Team, including Manager. 

The Advisory Council may award ** T*s " in meetings 
or matches previously approved and designated by them: 

( 1 ) To the Manager of the Track Team. 

(2) To the first man in a dual or first or second in 
a triangular intercollegiate meeting. 

(3) To winners of an Intercollegiate Relay Race. 

(4) To any man who makes fifth place or better in 
a dual Intercollegiate Cross-Country Race. 

The Advisory Council may award other designations 
as follows: 

(i) " ITt " to the Manager of the Lawn Tennis 
Team. 

(2) *' fTt '^ to the Manager of the Fencing Team. 

(3) ** hTt '* to members of a Hockey Team who 
participate in two-thirds or more of the games played in 
one season, and to the Manager. 

(4) *' bTb " to the members of the Basket-Ball Team 
who participate in two-thirds or more of the games played 
in one season, and to the Manager. 

Members of Basket-Ball and Hockey Teams are al- 
lowed to wear the insignia as a designation in games only. 



RECORDS 



97 



No combination or addition of points to aggregate the 
equivalent of a higher class will be counted. 



M. I. T. Records 



lOO-yard dash 
220-yard dash 
440-yard dash 
120-yard high hurdles 
220-yard low hurdles 
880-yard run 
i-mile run 
2-mile run 
Running high-jump 
Running broad-jump 
Pole vault 

Putting i6-pound shot 
Throwing i6-pound 

hammer 
Throwing the disc^us 



R. S. Franklin, '03 

C. W. Gram, '09 

J. A'. Rockwell, '99 

E. L. Ovington, '04 

G. P. Burch, '99 

H. S. Baker, '03 

H. S. Baker, ^03 

S. M. Udale, '07 

C. P. Heywood, '93 

A. W. Groovenor, '99 22 ft. i 1-2 in 

W. D. Allen, '11 11 ft. 41-4 in. 

H. P. McDonald, '01 40 ft 1-4 in. 



10 1-5 sec. 
22 sec. 
51 1-5 sec. 
162-5 sec. 
254-5 sec. 
I m. 59 sec. 
4 m. 30 3-5 sec. 
9 m. 524-5 sec. 
6 ft. 1-2 in. 



W. J. Knapp, '06 
L. G. Merrill, '05 



126 ft. 7 in. 
1 10 ft. 2 1-2 in. 



THE ALUMNI 

ALL graduates of the Institute are regular members 
of the Alumni Association, and every non-graduate 
member of a class which has been graduated may become 
an associate member on election by the Executive Com- 
mittee. Associate members have full privilege of voting, 
but are not eligible as administrative officers of the As- 
sociation. 

The affairs of the Association are directed by the 
Alumni Council, — the w^ill of the Council being executed 
by the Executive Committee, which also attends to cer- 
tain matters pertaining to the permanency of the As- 
sociation. 

The Alumni Council is a representative body chosen 
from the members of the Alumni Association to act in 
behalf of that body on all matters not otherwise delegated. 
It consists of the five latest living ex-presidents, ten mem- 
bers at large, a representative from each class, and a 
representative from each local alumni association. The 
Council meets from time to time to consider any matters 
pertaining to the general welfare of the Association, and 
to take action on such matters as may be brought to its 
attention by the officers of the Faculty or the Corporation. 

It will thus be seen that the Association is so organized 
that it can act expeditiously through accredited representa- 
tives, most of whom live in the vicinity of Boston. This 
organization has been perfected recently, and it is ex- 
pected that it will take up matters relating to the policy 
of the Institute when presented by the proper authorities, 

98 



THE ALUMNI 99 

and also act cooperatively with the undergraduates when- 
ever its assistance is desired by them. The Advisory Coun- 
cil on athletics is now appointed by the Alumni Association. 

There are twenty-seven local alumni associations, which 
are located in the following cities: Annapolis, Md.; Buf- 
falo, N. Y. ; Los Angeles, Cal.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chi- 
cago, 111. ; Springfield, Mass. ; Hartford, Conn. ; Spokane, 
Wash. ; Lawrence, Mass. ; Minneapolis, Minn. ; New 
Bedford, Mass.; New York City; Syracuse, N. Y. ; Oak- 
land, Cal.; Cleveland, Ohio; Portland, Ore.; Steelton, 
Pa. ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; Pittsburg, Pa. ; Tacoma, Wash. ; 
Providence, R. I. ; Denver, Col. ; New Orleans, La. ; 
Burlington, Vt. ; Washington, D. C. ; Detroit, Mich. 
These associations are growing stronger each year and 
becoming more numerous. Ten years ago there were but 
four or five. All of the associations have annual meetings 
and many of them have regular monthly meetings, when 
all Tech men are welcome. Some of the associations 
arrange to have a Tech luncheon on some particular day 
each week, and most of them have a special meeting early 
in the fall to welcome the members of the graduating 
class located in their vicinity. The New York Associa- 
tion has a permanent home at 17 Gramercy Park. The 
Technology Club in Boston is not listed as an alumni as- 
sociation, being a social club. All former students of the 
Institute, as well as a limited number of undergraduates, 
are eligible to its membership. It is located at 83 New- 
bury Street. 

The relations of the Alumni Association to the Faculty 
and the Corporation are extremely close, for a large num- 
ber of the alumni are members of the Faculty and of the 
Corporation. Besides having alumni life members on the 
Corporation, the Alumni Association each year elects three 



loo THE ALUMNI 

members to serve for a term of five years, the total num- 
ber of term members on the Corporation being fifteen. 

The Alumni Association has recently assisted in con- 
tributing money to the Institute. A few years ago it 
appointed a committee to raise funds for a building in 
memory of our beloved former President, General Francis 
A. Walker. The amount now on hand for this purpose 
is $117,620.90. The building will be a social centre for 
students, containing social rooms, dining-rooms, student 
offices, baths, swimming-tank, and such other conveniences 
as may be found desirable; and it will be erected as 
soon as a new site for the Institute has been secured. 
The Technology Fund, which was contributed by alumni 
and which amounts to about two hundred and fifty thou- 
sand dollars, was presented to the School without condi- 
tions to be used for such purposes as the Corporation 
might designate. One-half the expense of the Tech Union 
was taken from this fund. 

The official organ of the Alumni Association is the 
Technology Review, which is published quarterly, con- 
taining news from all the classes, condensed records of 
what the undergraduates are doing, and the principal items 
of news in regard to the Institute and the doings of the 
various activities connected with it. 

Once a year, usually in January, the Alumni Associa- 
tion has a dinner in Boston, — the meeting in 1909 bring- 
ing together five or six hundred men. 

In 1904, at the instigation of the Class of '93, and the 
Northwestern Association of the Institute at Chicago, an 
All-Technology Reunion was held for three days in Bos- 
ton during the early part of June. This was so success- 
ful that it was decided to hold large reunions every five 
years. The second of these reunions was held in June, 
1909, and the third will occur in June, 19 14. These 



THE ALUMNI loi 

gatherings have helped to increase the esprit de corps of 
the graduates of the Institute, who are now fully alive to 
all its interests and who are preparing to raise an immense 
sum of money to further the development of their Alma 
Mater and to house it properly on a new and desirable 
site in the city of Boston. 

An alumni committee on student welfare has been ap- 
pointed to cooperate actively with such undergraduate 
activities as may desire its advice and assistance. This 
committee is also empowered to examine into all matters 
relating to the welfare of the students and to make regu- 
lar reports to the Alumni Association. It will thus be seen 
that Technology is now on a basis of full cooperation, 
and is in a position to accomplish much greater things 
than has ever been possible in the past. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 



The Cage 

THE '* Cage " is the Institute name for the check- 
room and post-office, and is located on the second floor 
of the Union. Articles may be checked there free of charge, 
and all mail addressed in care of Technology, notices of 
meetings, and other notes are delivered through this post- 
office. Students should therefore call frequently for mail. 
Tobacco is sold, and copies of The Tech, Technique, and 
other publications can generally be obtained there. 



Registration 

As the Institute maintains a strict oversight of the 
work of its students it is necessary to have an elaborate 
system of registration. It is the purpose of the following 
description to help the new men, as much as is possible, 
to overcome the difficulties which confront them at the 
very beginning of their Institute career. 

Before proceeding with the description of the method 
of registering, as applied to the special divisions, a few 
general directions will be given that are applicable to all 
new men. 

Obviously, the first thing to do is to become informed 
of the date and time of registration. This information 
may be obtained from the Catalogue, or at the office in 
R-Ogers Building. 

Knowing the time of registration, it is very advan- 
tageous to the student to put in an early appearance so 

1 02 



REGISTRATION 103 

that he may at least be ready when the registration ma- 
terial is given out. As before stated, the system is com- 
plicated, and it takes the new men an appreciable amount 
of time to complete their registration. Then, too, an 
early appearance is advisable in order to become familiar 
with the surroundings before the regular work begins. 

The registration material is ready and given out in 
Rogers Building several days before the opening of the 
term. All men should be sure to obtain and read the 
** General Bulletin.'' This Bulletin gives information 
about various subjects and tells what books to buy. It 
also contains useful general information. 

We will next consider the Registration Material itself 
and explain how to fill it out. 

(i) The Tabular View 

This contains the hours of exercises of all subjects and 
is given out to all men, a separate one for each year. It 
also contains on the reverse side all the information that 
is necessary to enable the student to make out a complete 
program for the term, including rooms and instructors. 

(2) Address Card 

The Address Card contains on one side the weekly 
schedule blank, and on the other side spaces for the in- 
sertion of name, address, etc. It is kept on file in the 
Registrar's Office in order to enable persons to locate 
students during the day in case of emergency. It should 
therefore be carefully filled out with this object in view 
and corrected when a change is made. Each person 
registering should fill out two cards, one to hand in and 
one for reference. 



I04 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

(3) Attendance Card 

The Attendance Card when filled out is a petition for 
subjects. During the first week of the term additions 
can be made by using a ** Correction Card/' After that 
the regular Petition Blanks should always be used for 
asking admission to subjects for which the student has not 
a clear record in subjects required as preparation. The 
required preparation for all subjects is indicated in the 
Catalogue and Programme. 

(4) Bursar s Card 

This card when filled out is kept on file for use in 
the Bursar's Department. 

(5) Military Science Card 

This card gives to the Department of Military Science 
the information required in the formation of the Cadet 
Battalion and for the Government Report called for by 
the Department of War. 

(6) Athletic Card 

This card when filled out gives the Alumni Council on 
Athletics information which it needs in planning for the 
athletic work for the year, for maintenance of the various 
teams and for the work of the coach. 

(7) Roll Slips 

These supplement the attendance cards and form a 
card catalogue of all subjects of instruction. 

Students should pass in all the material, being sure that 
it is complete, and get a registration card in exchange. 
This card is stamped upon payment of tuition, and thus 



REGISTRATION 105 

stamped must be presented at the first exercise to insure 
admittance. 

Information may be obtained from the Professors in 
the General Library in Rogers Building, and there should 
be no hesitation in asking help from the older men, for 
all are willing and glad to be of service. 

There are two main classes of men who enter the 
Institute, and we will call the first one 

Class A — Freshmen 

Class A will in turn be divided into the three follow- 
ing groups: 

(i) Men taking the regular first-year studies. 

(2) Men admitted only to Special Work. 

(3) Men admitted with advanced standing, that is, 
with some subject or subjects passed off. 

The second main division is 

Class B — Men entering from other colleges 

We will now consider the divisions of Class A, and 
tell what materials to ask for. 

Class A (i). '' Registration Material for First Year.'' 
Proceed to fill it out as directed above. 

Class A (2), Same as for (i). However, if you are 
admitted to certain subjects they should be chosen from 
the Tabular View in consultation with the Dean or a 
member of the Committee of Advisors in the General 
Library on the days before the term opens. 

Class A (3), If advanced work has been passed off 
(Trigonometry, Chemistry, History, Languages), Fresh- 
men should consult some one in the Faculty as to the 
possibility of substituting for these subjects some second- 
year work. 



io6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

Class B. College men should, at their very first oppor- 
tunity, consult the Secretary of the Faculty in order to 
receive from him the *' College Blank," on which excuse 
from subjects taken at another college may be recorded 
in consultation with members of the Faculty. The offices 
and consultation hours of these professors can be obtained 
at the Registrar's office. The year of the Course intended 
can be determined definitely after signatures for excuse 
from other subjects have been obtained. Except that men 
from other colleges fill out the attendance card for the 
professional course chosen, and have to plan their own 
program of work from the regular Tabular View, they 
register according to the instructions for the first-j^ear 
students. For college men it will be useful in planning 
their schedule first to place on the back of an address card 
the hours of exercises of courses that have but one section 
and then select sections of the other subjects that are 
possible. 



Student Banking System 

For the benefit of students coming from a distance, 
a banking system has been established at the Bursar's 
Office. By this system a student, on depositing his check 
with the Bursar, is given a receipt, and, on presenting 
this receipt, he may at any time draw any part of his de- 
posit he desires. This arrangement has proved to be very 
popular and convenient for out-of-town students who 
might otherwise have difficulty in cashing their checks. 
Last year $50,000 was handled in this way. 



Students' Boarding-House Bureau 

As an aid to new students a list of boarding-houses is 
kept at the office of the President's Assistant ; and the list 



BULLETIN BOARDS 107 

of the Y. M. C. A. at its building nearly opposite Rogers 
is available for the use of students. These lists are made 
up with care, are reliable, and complete. They aim to 
furnish all the information about rooms and boarding 
that a new student needs to have. 



Medical Adviser 

The Institute has appointed Dr. Franklin W. White, 
416 Marlborough Street, a graduate of the Institute, as 
medical adviser for students. Lectures on personal hy- 
giene are given by him to the students during the school 
year, and he may be consulted by students any Monday 
or Thursday afternoon between four and five o'clock in 
Room 13, Pierce, without payment of fee. 



Bulletin and Advertising Boards 

A Bulletin Board for the use of the various student 
activities is maintained in each of the principal buildings 
by the Institute Committee. These boards are divided 
into rectangular spaces. 

In Rogers Corridor and in the Union are Advertising 
Boards divided into 43^-inch squares. These boards are 
to be used for '' Lost," '' Found," and '' For Sale " no- 
tices, etc. 

Tw^o horizontal rows of squares on the Union Adver- 
tising Board have been reserved for the use of the Calen- 
dar Committee. 

The following rules should be observed in posting 
notices on any of the Institute Committee boards. Notices 
not properly posted may be removed by the Bulletin Board 
Committee. 

(i) All notices must be neat and must be securely 
fastened in the rectangles provided, without the use of 



io8 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

glue or paste. It is recommended that every notice be 
attached with at least four tacks. 

(2) Notices announcing events of which dates are 
given are to be removed when the last date is past. 

(3) All other notices, including all notices on the 
Advertising Boards, are to be dated on the day of posting. 

(4) Notices dated at the time of posting will be re- 
moved after two weeks, unless a special request for ex- 
tension appears on the notice. 

(5) All boards are intended for the use of students, 
and outside notices and advertisements will be allowed 
only when the space is not needed for student purposes. 



The Library 

The General Library in the Rogers Building contains 
a catalogue of all the books in the departmental libraries 
scattered throughout the Institute buildings. The books 
on the shelves in the General Library are principally 
those for consultation in connection with the courses in 
History and English Literature; dictionaries and ency- 
clopedias; and foreign and American periodicals and 
magazines. Students taking books from the Library must 
leave a receipt for them with the Librarian or his as- 
sistants. 

The Library is open from 9 a.m. until 10 p.m. on every 
week day except Saturday, when it is closed at I P.M. 
At all these times it is available to students of the Insti- 
tute as a room for reading and studying. 



Summer Schools 

There are summer courses and summer schools at the 
Institute of Technology. The summer courses are given 
in Boston and are attended principally by students who 



SCHOLARSHIPS 109 

wish to anticipate some of their work or to make up defi- 
ciencies in their past w^ork. These courses are also open 
to persons who are not students at the Institute of Tech- 
nology who are properly qualified to pursue the work they 
wish to take. Many men from other colleges, intending 
to enter the Institute with advanced standing, take these 
courses. The schedule of these summer courses may be 
obtained at the Information Bureau. 

The summer schools, which are entirely optional and 
are open only to students in the special departments, give 
a training additional to that of the regular curriculum. 
They are usually held at some point distant from Boston 
which offers exceptiq|ial opportunities for instruction in 
the special subject. For instance, the summer school in 
Topographic and Hydraulic Engineering will be held 
this year at Rangeley Lakes, Maine. The summer school 
in Mining Engineering has been held in the past in 
Colorado, and in Nova Scotia. Also travelling summer 
schools have been organized for architectural students, for 
chemical students, and for students of metallurgy. 



Scholarships 

A CERTAIN amount of funds is available for scholar- 
ship grants. These grants, however, are not made until 
at least one term, and, as a rule, one year has been spent 
at the Institute. A clear record and promise of continued 
high scholarship are requisite on the part of the applicant. 
Forty state scholarships are annually granted by the State 
of Massachusetts to students who have prepared in the 
public schools of the Commonwealth. Full and detailed 
information in regard to all the scholarships which have 
been established can be found in the Catalogue or by con- 



no MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

sultation with the Chairman of the Scholarship Com- 
mittee. Students who are in need should not hesitate to 
consult the Chairman or the Dean. 



Employment Bureau 

The student who contemplates earning all or part of 
the money necessary to defray his expenses while at the 
Institute should bear in mind the fact that the larger part 
of the time which is spent outside the classroom must 
be devoted to study and the preparation of his lessons. 
It is, therefore, inadvisable for him to count on a very 
large amount of income from this source during the school 
year. Moreover, people wishing occasional odd tasks done 
are not willing to pay very much for them, and are apt 
to be exacting about the accomplishment of the task at an 
inconvenient time. 

There is, however, quite an opportunity for the ener- 
getic student to earn small sums of money from time to 
time and, in some cases, to acquire valuable experience. 
To assist such men, the Institute maintains an Employment 
Bureau, the aim of which is to help needy students so 
far as it may, and to supply such business firms and resi- 
dents of Boston as may need it, with help on special occa- 
sions. The work done by the students ranges from acting 
as shipping clerk and waiting on table to attending in- 
valids and driving automobiles. During the school year 
1908-09 about forty men were placed in various posi- 
tions by the Bureau. 

The matter of employment during the summer vacation 
is rather different. In this case a majority of the students 
find positions for themselves. The Bureau, however, has 
been successful in placing men in positions which would 
furnish valuable experience or a good net income for the 
summer, and, in many cases, both. 



DRILL 1 1 1 

A good many applications for men to do canvassing 
in the summer are sent to the Institute, and these are put 
before all those whom they might interest. All positions 
of other nature are, however, treated as special cases, the 
best man, as in the term time, being recommended for the 
place. 

Freshman Drill 

The Institute was organized just at the close of the 
Civil War, a time when the feeling that men should 
have some knowledge of military science was strong. It 
was at this time also that the United States Congress 
made grants of land to each state for the support of one 
or more schools giving instruction in agriculture and the 
mechanic arts. It was therefore quite natural that in- 
struction in military science should be made a condition 
of these appropriations. Besides requiring this instruction 
in military science, Congress subsequently provided that, 
if desired by the college, the President of the United States 
was to detail as instructor an army officer of not less than 
five years' experience in the regular army. The Institute 
accepted from the State an offer of one-third of this ap- 
propriation, and consequently established the Course in 
Military Science which is required of all Freshmen, except 
aliens and men over twenty-one years of age. 

The Course in Military Science consists each week of 
a one-hour lecture and two hours of drill in the after- 
noon in the Armory. Blue uniforms, white collars, white 
cotton gloves, and black shoes are required. The uni- 
forms are usually obtained at second-hand. The guns 
are supplied by the government. The M. I. T. Corps 
of Cadets is a battalion divided into four companies, and 
a band composed of students. This battalion constitutes 
the Third Massachusetts Reserves. 



112 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

At the beginning of the year an examination is held so 
that those who have drilled at a preparatory school may 
have a chance to become non-commissioned officers. At 
the end of the year two officers are recommended to be 
appointed Second Lieutenants in the regular army. The 
last, or the next to the last drill is a prize drill between 
the companies, after which white gloves and collars are 
burned on Rogers steps. The company that wins is given 
a dinner. On Saturday afternoons in good weather, those 
who wish may go to the State rifle range at Wakefield, 
where rifle practice is held. The guns for this practice 
are obtained at the Armory by a written order from the 
instructor. The State furnishes the ammunition. The 
carfare for the round trip is thirty-two cents. 

In the war with Spain Tech men played a large part. 
There is a record of ninety-six men, both graduates and 
undergraduates, who enlisted. Of these, all but eight 
started as officers, and promotions followed rapidly. Thus 
Freshman drill helped those who enlisted for the Spanish- 
American War. 



Physical Training 

Physical training is now compulsory for Freshmen. 

During the first month of the school year appointments 
are made for each man in the class to meet the gymnasium 
instructor, who provides for tests and physical measure- 
ments, from which an individual anthropometric chart is 
plotted. This chart shows the physical condition and 
strength of each man as compared w^ith one of the same 
height and weight when in normal condition. 

Those passing successfully the physical examination are 
allowed to substitute, if they wish to do so, regular track 
athletics for gymnasium work. The remainder of the 
class is divided into sections for gymnastic exercise of two 



THE POINT SYSTEM 113 

hours a week on two different afternoons. The gymna- 
sium classes commence work immediately after Field Day 
and the classes are continued until the end of April. 

At the close of gymnasium work in the spring each 
student is examined a second time and the results of the 
measurements are plotted on the same chart that was 
given him at the beginning of the school year. A com- 
parison of these two sets of measurements shows the im- 
provement made during the year. A committee of the 
Faculty awards each year five large bronze medals, called 
the *' Cabot Medals/' to the five men showing the greatest 
improvement in physical condition made during the year. 

A Course of four lectures in physical hygiene is given 
to the Freshman class during the month of October. 

A man may be excused from gymnasium work on peti- 
tion to the Faculty if he is physically disabled, if he is 
over twenty-one years of age, or if he lives at such a dis- 
tance from Boston that it is seriously inconvenient for him 
to attend exercises after 4.00 p.m. Petitions for excuse 
from gymnasium must be submitted to the Dean at the 
beginning of the school year. 



The Point System 

The ^^ Point System " is an institution which aims to 
prevent a student from carrying too much outside work 
to the detriment of his studies. Every office and activity 
is assigned a definite number of points, and no man may 
carry more than a total of ten points, except in the case 
of track athletics. With track athletics a man may carry 
one other office, even though the two total more than ten 
points. 

The system was put into operation by the Institute 
Committee in the fall of 1908, and is enforced by one of 



114 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 

Its standing committees. The rating of offices in its most 
recent form (March, 1909) is given below. 

Class A — 10 Points — Editor-in-Chief of Tech and 
Technique^ General Manager of Tech Show, President of 
Senior Class. 

Class B — 9 Points — Managing Editor of the Tech, 
Business Manager of the Tech, Chairman of Union Din- 
ing Room Committee, Business Manager of Technique, 
Business Manager of Tech Show, Stage Manager of Tech 
Show, President of the Junior Class, Manager of the 
Track Team, Executive Committee of the Institute Com- 
mittee. 

Class C — 8 Points — Editors of The Tech, Assistant 
Business Manager of The Tech, Members of Technique 
Board, Advertising Manager of the Tech Show (during 
second term). 

Class D — 7 Points — Chairman of Union House Com- 
mittee, President of Y. M. C. A., President of Sophomore 
Class, Members of Junior Prom Committee, Members of 
Senior Portfolio Committee, Assistant Business Manager 
of Tech Show. 

Class E — 6 Points — Chairman of Entertainment 
Committee, Manager of Fencing Team, Captain of Track 
Team, Associate Editors of The Tech, Assistant Adver- 
tising Managers of the Tech Show, Principals of Tech 
Show, Manager of the Basket-Ball Team, Manager of 
the Hockey Team, Leaders of Musical Clubs, President 
of the M. I. T. A. A., President of Professional Societies, 
President of Freshman Class, General Manager of Musi- 
cal Clubs, Institute Committee. 

Class F — 5 Points — Candidates for Assistant Track 
Manager, Chorus of Tech Show, Technique Electoral 
Committee, Candidates for Track, Cross-Country, Hockey, 
Fencing and Basket-Ball Teams, Members of Musical 



THE POINT SYSTEM 115 

Clubs, Members of and Candidates for News Staff of 
Tech, 

Class G — 4 Points — Business Staff of The Tech, 
Managers of Class Teams, Assistant Managers of Basket- 
Ball, Hockey and Fencing Teams, Managers of Musical 
Clubs, Architectural Record, Assistant General Manager 
of Musical Clubs, Members of the Union Committee, 
Members of Sub-Committees of Union Committee, Ad- 
vertising Manager of Tech Show (first term). 

Class H — 3 Points — Members of and Candidates for 
Class Teams, Treasurers of Classes, Secretary-Treasurer 
of M. I. T. A. A., Undergraduate Members of the Ad- 
visory Council, Gymnasium Team, Manager of Tennis 
Team. 

Class I — 2 Points — Secretaries of Classes, Members 
of M. I. T. A. A., Secretaries and Treasurers of Pro- 
fessional Societies, Secretary-Treasurer of Y. M. C. A., 
Manager of the Golf Team, Members of and Candidates 
for Golf and Tennis Teams. 

Class J — I Point — Vice-Presidents of all organiza- 
tions, Standing Committees of Professional Societies, 
Standing Committees of Y. M. C. A., Officers of the 
Cooperative Society, President and Secretary of the Musi- 
cal Clubs, Executive Committees and Directors of Classes, 
Officers of all other Clubs of open membership. 



BUSINESS CARDS 
OF TECHNOLOGY ALUMNI 



COURSE I 



FRED'K K. COPELAND 

President 

Sullivan Machinery Co. 

Chicago, III. 



'76 



STEPHEN CHILD '88 

Landscape Archt., Consulting Engr 
511-513 Ford Building 

15 ASHBURTON Pl., BoSTON 



WILLIAM S. JOHNSON '89 

Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineer 

101 Tremont Street 

Boston 



ANDREW W. WOODMAN '90 

M. Am. Soc. C. E. 

Stock Exchange Building 

Chicago, III. 



MORRIS KNOWLES 

Chief Engineer 

Bureau of Filtration 

Pittsburg, Pa. 



91 



LEONARD METCALF '92 

Consulting Civil Engineer 
Metcalf & Eddy 
14 Beacon Street 
Boston 



FARWELL BEMIS 

Sacks 

Bemis Bros. Bag Co. 

89 State Street 

Boston 



93 



CHARLES A. MEADE 

Chemicals 

3 Rector Street 

New York 



94 



H. K. BARROWS '95 

Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineer 

6 Beacon Street 

Boston 



118 



ANDREW D. FULLER '95 

Treasurer 

Andrew D. Fuller Co. 

Engineering Constructors 

3 Hamilton Place 

Boston 


COURSE II 


RICHARD MOREY '95 

President 

Morey-Faulhaber Construction Co. 

St. Louis, Mo. 


HARVEY S. CHASE '83 

Certified Public Accountant 

India Bldg., 84 State Street 

Boston, Mass. 


R. M. LAWTON '03 

Assistant Engineer 

Grand Central Terminal 

New York City 


EDWARD A. JONES '87 

President and Treasurer 

E. D. Jones & Sons Company 

PiTTSFiELD, Mass. 


LeBARON turner '05 

Engineer 

H. S. Wind Engine & Pump Co. 

Batavia, III. 


WILLARD G. BIXBY ^89 

Treasurer 

S. M. Bixby & Co. 

Shoe Polishes 

New York City 


WALTER T. HOOVER ^07 

Representing the 

Ferox Protective Paint 

Boston, Mass. 


CHARLES W. AIKEN '91 

Houchin-Aiken Co. 

Engineers and Machinists 

Soap Machinery 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 



119 



HORACE L. BRAND '91 

Secretary and Treasurer 

Illinois Publishing Co. 

Chicago, III. 



FREDERICK A. WILSON 

J. p. Wilson & Sons 

Building Contractors 

Nahant, Mass. 



91 



STEPHEN BOWEN 

Treasurer 

John F. Brooks Co. 

Textiles 

HiGHLANDVILLE, MaSS. 



92 



EDWARD M. HAGAR ^93 

President 

Universal Portland Cement Co. 

Chicago - - Pittsburg 



ARTHUR C. LOTZ '94 

Building Construction Supt. 
Chicago, III. 



EDWARD H. HUXLEY '95 

Resident Manager 

Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. 

Chicago, III. 



WALTER J. RICKEY '95 

Superintendent 

South Bend Factories 

Singer Manufacturing Co. 

South Bend, Ind. 



CHAS. F. TILLINGHAST '95 

Assistant Sales Manager 

Textile Finishing Machinery Co. 

Providence, R. I. 



STEPHEN P. BROWN ^00 

Assistant Engineer 

United Engineering & Contr. Co. 

Hydraulics, Tunnels 

New York City 



MARCY L. SPERRY '00 

Manager 

Savannah Electric Co. 

Savannah, Ga. 



120 



KENNETH LOCKETT '02 

Orr & Lockett Hardware Co. 

71 Randolph Street 

Chicago, III. 


C. S. ROBINSON '84 

Second Vice-President 

The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 

YouNGSTOwN, Ohio 


Chief Engineer 

Acme Match Co. 

Roanoke, Va. 


HENRY SOUTHER '87 

President 

The Henry Souther Engineering Co. 

Hartford, Conn. 


PHILIP G. DARLING '05 

Mechanical Engineer 

Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Inc. 

New York City 


GRANGER WHITNEY '87 

Superintendent 

Detroit Iron & Steel Co. 

Detroit, Mich. 


COURSE III 


PAUL E. CHALIFOUX ^2 

Treasurer 

J. L. Chalifoux Co. 

Dry Goods 

LowLLL, Mass. 


ARTHUR WINSLOW 

President and General Manager 

U. S. & British Columbia Min. Co. 

Liberty Bell Gold Mining Co. 

131 State St., Boston 


COURSE IV 



121 



ALFRED F. ROSENHEIM, '8i 

Architect 

H. W. Hellman Bldg. 

Los Angeles, Cal. 



J. EDWARD FULLER '88 

Mgr. George A. Fuller Co. 

Building Construction 

Boston, Mass. 



GEORGE H. INGRAHAM 

Architect 
2a Park Street 
Boston, Mass. 



■92 



COLBERT A. MacCLURE '94 

of MacClure & Spalir 

Architects 

Pittsburg, Pa. 



GEO. F. SHEPARD, Jr. 

Architect 

20 Beacon Street 

Boston, Mass. 



95 



ALBERT H. SPAHR '96 

of MacClure & Spahr 

Architects 

Pittsburg, Pa. 



HERBERT P. BEERS '97 

of Beers & Beers 

Architects 

Orchestra Bldg., Chicago 



T. E. TALLMADGE '98 

of Tallmadge & Watson 

Architects 

Chicago, III. 



T. P. ROBINSON '99 

of Derby & Robinson 

Architects 

20 Beacon St., Boston 



R. B. DERBY '01 

of Derby & Robinson 

Architects 

20 Beacon St., Boston 



122 



FRED'K H. HUNTER '02 

with L. P. Soule & Son Company 

Constructors of Buildings 

166 Devonshire St., Boston 



COURSE V 



AUGUSTUS H.GILL, Ph.D.'84 

Speciahies — Fuels, Oils & Gases 

Expert Testimony, Patent Causes 

M. I. T. 

Boston, Mass. 



FREDERICK CRABTREE ^89 

Prof, of Metallurgy and Mining 

Carnegie Technical Schools 

Pittsburg, Pa. 



FRANK W. ATWOOD ^90 

Sales Agent for Dye Stuffs 

Chemicals and Essential Oils 

218 Milk St., Boston 



W. R. WHITNEY '90 

Director of Research Laboratory 
General Electric Co. 
Schenectady, N. Y. 



EUGENE H. LAWS '96 

Assistant Superintendent 

Ohio & Colorado Smelting Co. 

Salida, Col. 



COURSE VI 



GILES TAINTOR '87 

Counsellor-at-La\v 
53 State Street 
Boston, Mass. 



FREDERICK W. LORD '93 

Lord Electric Company 

Contracting and Manufacturing 

New York City 



23 



CHARLES W. TAINTOR '93 

Tucker, Hayes & Co. 

Bonds 

8 Congress St., Boston 



PERCY H. THOMAS '93 

of Thomas & Neall 

Consulting Electrical Engineers 

New York - - Boston 



BENJAMIN KURD '96 

Manuf. of Electrical Instruments 

316 Hudson Street 

New York City 



ALBERT F. RUCKGABER '96 

of Merrill & Ruckgaber Co. 

Contracting Engineers 

50 Church Street 

New York City 



CHAS. E. LAWRENCE '96 

Manager of Sales 

Massachusetts Fan Co. 

50 Church St., New York City 



DICKSON Q. BROWN '98 

President 

Associated Producers Co. 

Okla Oil Co. 

11 Broadway, New York City 



R. LANSINGH 

General Manager 

Holophane Company 

New York City 



'98 



PERCY W. WITHERELL 

Treasurer 
Warren F. Witherell Co. 

Importers and Grocers 
91 Causeway St., Boston 



99 



N. J. NEALL '00 

of Thomas & Neal 

Consulting Electrical Engineers 

New York - - Boston 



124 



COURSE VII 


COURSE X 


W. O. CROSBY '76 

Consulting Geologist 

M.I. T. 

Boston, Mass. 


H. A. FISKE '91 

(also Course VI, '92) 

with H. W. Brown & Co. 

Insurance Brokers 

New York City 


COURSE IX 


S. W. WILDER '91 

President and Treasurer 

Merrimac Chemical Co. 

Boston, Mass. 


FRANK H. BRIGGS '81 

of the firm of 

W. L. Montgomery & Co. 

Commission Merchants 

Boston, Mass. 


G. W. SHERMAN '95 

Chemical Engineer 

with Diamond Rubber Co. 

Akron, Ohio 


WM. C. MARSH '05 

Real Estate Dealer 

Warsaw, III. 


IRENEE DU PONT '97 

E. I. du Pont de 

Nemours Powder Co. 

also 

Vice-President 

Standard Arms Co. 

Wilmington, Del. 



25 



JOSEPH BANCROFT '98 

Assistant Treasurer 

Joseph Bancroft & Sons Co. 

Wilmington, Del, 


COURSE XIII 


GEORGE HOUK MEAD ^oo 

Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 

The Mead Pulp & Paper Co. 

Chillicothe, Ohio 


MORGAN BARNEY ^00 

Naval Architect 

and Marine Engineer 

29 Broadway 

New York City 


COURSE XI 


GEORGE E. ATKINS W 

Mechanical Engineer 
San Francisco, Cal. 


S. A. GREELEY '06 

with Hering & Fuller 

Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineers 

New York City 


PAUL BURDETT '11 

with Patterson, Wylde & Windeler 

Insurance 

Boston, Mass. 


CHARLES SAVILLE '06 

Assistant Engineer 

Mass. State Board of Health 

Boston, Mass. 


SPECIALS 



126 



C. B. FILLEBROWN '68 

Dry Goods Merchant and Manuf. 
68 Essex Street 
Boston, Mass. 



WINSLOW B. AVER '82 

President 

Eastern & Western Lumber Co. 

Portland, Ore. 



JULIEN W. VOSE '83 

General Manager 

Vose & Sons Piano Co. 

Boston Mass. 



JOHN L. SHORTALL '87 

Lawyer 
Chicago, III. 



T. COLEMAN DuPONT '84 

Explosives 
Wilmington, Del. 



127 



INDEX 



Advisory Council on Athletics, 86; 
appointed y Alumni Association, 

99. 

Alumni, subscription by, of $100,000 
fund for memorial to President 
Walker, 6, 43, 100; disapprove pro- 
posed merger with Harvard, 6 ; 
contribute " Technology Fund," 
nowr amounting to $250,000, 100. 

Alumni Association, eligibility to 
membership of, 98; affairs of, di- 
rected by Alumni Council, 98; com- 
position of Council, 98; Advisory 
Council on Athletics appointed by, 
99; local Alumni Associations, 99; 
relations of, to Institute Faculty 
and Corporation, 99; official organ 
of, Technology Review, 100. 

Alumni Council, directing body of 
Alumni Association, 98. 

Andrew, Gov. John A., signed bill 
establishing Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology, 2. 

Architecture, 26', qualifications de- 
manded of architect, 26; fundamen- 
tal necessity of broad general cul- 
ture for practice of profession of, 
26; professional equipment, 27. 

Athletic Association, 62; see Ath- 
letics. 

Athletics, 85-97; spirit of, at Tech- 
nology, 85; 'Varsity football and 
baseball abolished at Technology, 
by vote of student body, in 1902, 
85 ; gymnasium and track work, 85 ; 
controlled by student association, 
with Advisory Council, 86; Field 
Day games, 86-89; track games, 89- 
94; inter-class meets, 90; relay and 



cross-country running, 91 ; basket- 
ball, 92; ice hockey, 92; tennis, 92; 
class competitions in baseball and 
basket-ball, 93 ; gymnasium work, 
93; season tickets to games, 94; 
qualifications for letters and nu- 
merals, 94-96; records of Institute 
men in various events, 97. 

Baccalaureate Sermon, 83. 
Banking, student system of, 106. 
Biology, 33 ; field of work in, 33 ; 

qualifications for the profession of, 

2,2> ; increasing demands for trained 

biologists, 2>2>' 
Boarding-house Bureau, students', 

106. 
Brotherhood of Saint Andrew, 55; 

Technology chapter of, founded in 

1908, 55 ; weekly meetings of, 55. 
Bulletin and Advertising Boards, 

106 ; regulations for use of, 106, 107. 

Calendar, 79-84. 

Catholic Club, 54. 

Chemical Engineering, 2y\ oppor- 
tunity for specialization in various 
fields of, 28; demand for men 
trained in, 29. 

Christmas Vacation, 81 ; entertain- 
ment at the Union on Christmas 
Eve, 81. 

Cage, The, 102. 

Class Day, 84. 

Class Organization, 60-67; various 
class officers, and their duties, 61, 
62; Sophomore election of officers, 
time of holding, 63 ; constitution 
adopted by Class of 1912, 67-70. 



129 



Clubs and Societies, 50; description 
of variouSj 50-58. 

Brotherhood of Saint Andrew, 55. 

Catholic Club, 54. 

Chess Club, 52. 

Cleofan, 51. 

Geographical Clubs, 51, 52. 

Hammer and Tongs, 50. 

K2S, 51. 

Masque, 51. 

Musical Clubs, 57, 58. 

Osiris, 50. 

Preparatory School Clubs, 52. 

Professional Societies, 55. 

Rifle Club, 52. 

Round Table, 50. 

Walker Club, 52, 53. 

Y. M. C A., 53, 54. 
Constitution, Class, 60; Junior and 
Freshman, and Senior and Sopho- 
more, alike, 60; of Class of 191 2, 
67-70. 
Course of Study, Choice of, i i ; 
principles on which should be based, 
II; various groups into which In- 
stitute courses are divided, re- 
viewed, 12-17; preconceived ideas 
should not govern in choosing 
course, 17; special aptitudes should 
largely determine, 17. 
Crafts, James M., acting president 
of the Institute, 1897-1900, 5. 

Dual Meets, 83 ; see Athletics. 

Elections, Class, 61, 63-67. 

Electrical Engineering, 30; wide 
scope of work in, 30; qualifications 
for profession of, 31. 

Electrochemistry, 40; profession of 
comparatively recent origin, 40; in- 
creasing demand for men in, 41 ; 
problems presented by, novel, 41 ; 



qualifications of electrochemists, 41 ; 
opportunities for employment in, 42. 

Employment Bureau, no, in. 

Engineering, Civil, 18-20; formerly 
comprised all engineering work ex- 
cept that for strictly military pur- 
poses, 18; now differentiated from 
mechanical, mining, and electrical 
engineering, 18; necessity for spe- 
cial training in branch of, adopted 
as profession, 18; engineer should 
be more than simply technical ad- 
viser, 19; course of, at Institute, 
designed to give foundation in 
general scientific branches and their 
technical application, 19; qualifica- 
tions for profession of, 19. 

Examinations, first and second five- 
weeks', 81, 82 ; mid-year, 81 ; re- 
ports on, 82; final, 83. 

Field Day, 81 ; see Athletics. 

Fraternities, Greek Letter, 46; suc- 
cess of, 46; important function of, 
at Technology, 46-49; care in selec- 
tion of new members, 50. 

Freshman Class, organization of, 
61, 80. 

Freshman Drill, hi, 112. 

Geographical Clubs, 51, 52. 

British Empire Association. 

New York State Club. 

Pennsylvania Club. 

Southern Club. 
Graduation, notices of, 83 ; exercises, 

84. 

Hygiene, physical, lectures on, 113. 

Institute Committee, 59, 60; duties 
of, 59; membership of, 59; meet- 
ings of, 59; standing and special 
committees of, 59; field of work 



30 



of, 60; plan for, devised by Class 
of '93, 63. 

Junior Prom, 83. 
Junior Week, 82. 

Library, the, in Rogers Building, 108. 

Maclaurin, Richard C, elected 
president of the Institute in 1908, 
and inaugurated, June, 1909, 7. 

Mechanical Engineering, large field 
of work in, 20, 21 ; equipment of 
Institute men in, 21 ; opportunities 
and demand for men in, 22, 23. 

Medical Adviser, 107. 

Mining Engineering and Metal- 
lurgy, 23-25 ; composite character 
of profession of, 23 ; requirements 
of mining engineer, 24; course of, 
at Institute, divided into three op- 
tions, 25 ; opportunities for practi- 
cal work in, in summer vacations, 

25. 
Musical Clubs, 57; composition of, 
58; requirements for admission to, 
58; concerts given by, 58. 

Banjo. 

Glee. 

Mandolm. 

Orchestra. 

Naval Architecture, 38; opportuni- 
ties for work in, 39; requirements 
of student of, 39, 40. 

New Year's Day, not a holiday at 
the Institute, 81. 

NoYES, Artpiur a., acting president 
of the Institute, 1907-08, 6; estab- 
lished conference system between 
students and instructors, 6; intro- 
duced physical training as require- 
ment for first-year students, 7; ex- 
tended five-year courses, 7; pro- 



vided advanced courses for gradu- 
ate students, 7; added research 
laboratorv of applied chemistry to 
departments of Physical Chemistry 

and Sanitary Science, 7. 

Physical Training, compulsory for 
first-year students, 112; track work 
may be substituted for gymnasium, 
112; medals awarded for improve- 
ment in, 113; see Athletics. 
Physics, 3^ ; requirements of Insti- 
tute course in, 35 ; nature of work 
of graduates in, 35. 
Point System, the, 113-115. 
" Pops," Tech Night at the, 84. 
Preparatory School Clubs, 52. 

Boston English High School. 

Brookline High School. 

Mechanic Arts High School. 

Newton High School. 

Phillips-Exeter. 
Pritchett, Henry S., president of 
the Institute, 1900-07, 5, 6; de- 
velopment of social activities and 
betterment of physical condition of 
student life, notable achievements 
of administration of, 6; aided in 
plan for organic connection between 
Institute and Harvard University, 
6; plan abandoned, 6; resigned 
presidency in 1907, 6. 
Professional Societies, 55. 

Architectural. 

Biological. 

Chemical. 

Civil Engineering. 

Electrical Engineering. 

Mechanical Engineering. 

Mining Engineering. 

Naval Architectural. 

Records, Athletic, 97. 



1 u 



Registration, 79, 80 ; importance to 
students to attend to, promptly, 102 ; 
system of, described, 103-106. 

Rogers, William Barton, founder of 
the Institute, 1-4; State Geologist 
of Virginia, i ; removed to Boston, 
I ; prepared memorial asking for 
state lands in Boston for polytech- 
nic college, 2; first president of the 
Institute, 3; his views of the objects 
of a polytechnic school, 3 ; resigned 
presidency of Institute, owing to 
failing health, in 1870, 4; resumed 
presidency in 1878, 4; finally re- 
signed in 1880, 4; death of, in 1882, 

4. 
RuNKLE, John D., president of the 
Institute, 1870-78, 4. 

Sanitary Engineering, 36; field of, 
in the promotion of public health, 
36; requirements of Institute course 

in, 37. 

Science, Physical, study of, essential 
part of general education, 3. 

Scholarships, at Institute, 109. 

Senior Dance, 83. 

Senior Dinner, 83. 

Senior Portfolio, 79; published an- 
nually by Senior Class, 79; price 
of, 79. 

Summer Schools, 108, 109. 

Technique, 75 ; first published in 
1885, 75 ; " rush " for, in Junior 
Week, 75; made up from contri- 
butions from members of all the 
classes, 77; all issues of, on file at 
the Union, yy ; price of, 77. 

Technique Board, election of, 75 ; 
composition of, 75 ; duties of, 76. 

Technique Electoral Committee, 
64; first organized by Class of '91, 



64; its purpose to elect members 
of Technique Board, 64; duties of, 
64. 

"Tech Night," 63, 64; arrangements 
for, in hands of Sophomores, 63. 

" Tecpinique Rush," see Technique. 

Technology, Massachusetts Insti- 
tute OF, founding of, i, 2; pioneer 
polytechnic institution in United 
States, 2; novel aims and methods 
of, 2 ; made College of Mechanic 
Arts under national Land Grant 
Act, 2 ; educational plan, combina- 
tion of scientific training with gen- 
eral culture, 3 ; personal contact 
between students and instructors 
characteristic of Institute methods, 
3 ; School of Industrial Science of, 
opened, 4; influence on, of financial 
depression of years 1873-79, 4; 
Francis A. Walker, as president, 
greatly extends work of, 5 ; con- 
tinued development of, under suc- 
cessive presidents, down to present 
time, 5-7; characteristics of plan 
of education of, 8-10; definite aim 
kept before student, 8; contrast of 
system of training of, with purely 
college system, 9; special emphasis 
of, on study of scientific subjects, 
9; efficiency, keynote of educational 
system of, 10; significance of gen- 
eral culture, and its value, not un- 
derestimated by, 10; division of 
time at, between work and social 
and athletic interests, kept duly 
proportioned, 10; standard of schol- 
arship required by, incompatible 
with excessive devotion to outside 
pursuits, 10; reasonable time given 
by, to athletic, artistic, and literary 
and social activities, 10. 



Technology Field, 6; see Athletics. 

Technology Fund, the, contributed 
by alumni, lOo; see Alumni. 

Technology Review, official organ of 
Alumni Association, lOO. 

Tech Show, 70; first given in 1899, 
70; plays given, 71; great success 
of, 71, 72; character and object of, 
72; method of selecting cast, 72; 
lyrics and music of, selected by 
competition, /2, ; officers of, and 
their duties, 73, 74. 

Tech, The, 77; first appeared in No- 
vember, 1881, 77; growth of, 77; to 
be issued as a daily, 77; manage- 
ment of, 78; composition of staff 
of, 78. 

Tech Union, The, established in 1904, 

6, 43 ; new building for, in 1908, 

7, 44; planned by President Walker, 
43 ; description of uses and ac- 
tivities of, 44, 45 ; entertainments 
at, 80, 81. 



Thanksgiving Day, 81. 
Vacation, Christmas, 81 ; mid-year, 
82. 

Walker, Francis Amasa, selected by 
President Rogers in 1880 to suc- 
ceed him as president of the Insti- 
tute, 4; inaugurated in 1881, 4; dis- 
tinguished as volunteer soldier in 
the Civil War, 4; Director of U. S. 
Census, 5 ; Professor of Political 
Economy at Sheffield Scientific 
School, Yale, 5 ; growth of Insti- 
tute under administration of, 5 ; 
great personal influence of, 5; spirit 
of, reflected in Institute spirit to- 
day, 5 ; death of, in 1897, 5. 

Walker Club, founded in 1895, 52; 
object of, 53. 

Y. M. C. A., 53, 54; reception by, to 
new men, 54, 80; object of, 53, 54; 
meetings of, weekly, 54; member- 
ship in, open to all students inter- 
ested, 54. 



33 



The publishers of this book have in- 
sisted on securing advertising only from 
business houses of excellent standing ; 
they can, therefore, recommend without 
hesitation the firms whose advertisements 
follow. 



Jackson and Co. 



YOUNG MEN'S 



CAPS HATS GLOVES 



AGENTS FOR 
DUNLAP & Co., New York LINCOLN BENNETT & CO.. London 



RAIN AND MOTOR COATS 



FUR COATS— CAPS— GLOVES 

FOR 

STREET WEAR AND MOTORING 



126 Tremont Street 

OFF PARK ST. CHURCH, BOSTON 



ammmm^^BOBgn 



136 



Reliable Clothing 

We have made and sold clothing here in 
Boston for nearly sixty years, and during 
the entire period our aim has been to make 
it in the best possible manner and give our 
customers satisfaction in fabrics, style, and 
fit as well as in workmanship. €I| Clothing 
can be purchased at a less price than ours, 
but nowhere can clothing of equal quality 
— if it can be found — be bought for less 
money. €If We invite Technology students 
who may be interested to see how our 
clothing is made to visit our workshops in 
the building at any time during business 
hours 

FOR THIS SEASON 

OVERCOATS AND SUITS 

*20 to HO 

Made in our workshops, on the 
premises, and ready for immediate use 

Magullar Parker Company 

400 WASHINGTON STREET 

137 



THE STORE FOR MEN 

THAT OFFERS GREATER BUYING 

ADVANTAGES THAN ANY OTHER STORE 

IN NEW ENGLAND 

Each season several of our buyers of 
men's wear visit Europe in search of high- 
class novelties and exclusive ideas. The 
consequent range of styles shown in our 
stock of shirts, hosiery, underwear, neck- 
wear, gloves, etc., is unequalled 



Our men's clothing section is especially 
worthy of interest. Our stocks are se- 
lected from twelve of the foremost 
American designers of high-grade cloth- 
ing. We can offer, therefore, a greater 
variety of styles and patterns than 
other stores 



AT ALL TIMES A COMPLETE STOCK OF MEN'S 
WEARING APPAREL AND DRESS ACCESSORIES 

Jordan Marsh Company 

BOSTON 

138 



Morse & Henderson 



TAILORS 




18 BOYLSTON STREET 

BOSTON 



Telephone Oxford 99 



Our stock comprises the choicest patterns 

for Gentlemen's wear 

139 




ALLap 

ANCOCKD 



HATS HATS HATS 

FOR ALL OCCASIONS 

The Standard of Style and Excellence 

420 WASHINGTON STREET 

OF INTEREST TO TECH STUDENTS 



TuTTLE Shoes 

ARE THE BEST IN BOSTON 
We allow you a 10% cash discount 

The Henry H. Tuttle Co. 

159 Tremont Street 



140 



Richardson, Hill & Co 
Bankers 



AND 



Stock Brokers 

50 CONGRESS STREET, BOSTON 

Members Boston and New York Stock Exchanges 



E. M. Farnsworth & Co 

Investment 
Bonds 

24 MILK STREET, BOSTON 



41 



Hotel Westminster 



Copley Square, Boston 



CHARLES A. GLEASON 



ONLY ROOF GARDEN IN CITY 



DRAWING MATERIALS 

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, GROSS SECTION PAPERS, 
ETC. ENGINEERING TEXT BOOKS AND STATIONERY 

M. I. T. FLAGS AND SOUVENIRS 
// it concerns the Massachusetts Institute of Technology you can get it from 

A. D. MAGLAGHLAN 502 Boylston Street, Boston 

State Street Trust Company 

The Back Bay Branch, on the corner of Massachusetts 

Avenue and Boylston Street, is conveniently located for 

residents of the Back Bay, Fenway, Brookline and Chestnut Hill 



INTEREST IS CREDITED MONTHLY ON ACCOUNTS OF $300 AND OVER 



There are Safe Deposit Vaults at the Branch Office 
MAIN OFFICE ... 38 STATE STREET 

142 



DISTINCTIVE MUSICAL GOODS 




IN 



All Lines 

of 

^Musical Merchandise 



CAN BE FOUND 
AT THE. .. 






OLIVER DITSON 
COMPANY 



150 Tremont St, 



Boston 



Importations in . . 

Glass, China, Metal Goods 
and Novelties 

A. S TO WELL iSt CO, mc. 

24 Winter St., Boston 

HARVARD COOPERATIVE SOCIETY 



FINE TAILORING 
MEN'S FURNISHINGS 
ATHLETIC GOODS 



HIGH QUALITY AND 
LOW PRICES 



HARVARD SQUARE 



'43 



s- 



THE 

AMERICAN 

ARCHITECT 

PUBLISHED 

EVERY WEDNESDAY 

IN NEW YORK 




WITH THIi PUBUCATION 
IS MEROED 

THE INLAND ARCHITECT 



VoJ. 



No. 



ffi 



•TWO-THIRTY- NINE- WEST-THIRTY- NINTH- STREET- 



THE ONLY WEEKLY PUBLWATION 

IN AMERICA 

DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO 

ARCH1TI:CTURE 



Prints 500 or more full 
pages of illustrations a year, 
presenting where possible 
working drawings. 700 pages 
of text, illustrated with more 
than 200 cuts. 

In addition there are some 
7,000-10.000 items a year of cur- 
rent Building News. 

It is the official publication 
for the " Society of Beaux Arts 
Architects," publishing 100 
examples or more of the stu- 
dents' work annually. 

Subscription Price, $10.00 

Fifty-two issues a year of 
up-to-date information. 

Our Book Department will 
furnish any architectural book 
published at the lowest price. 
Liberal discounts will be made 
on large purchases. Send your 
list and let us make you a price. 

Write for our Architectural 
Catalogue 

THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT 

23S West 39th St., NEW YORK 



The Sesqui'tnonthly Journal 

Economic Geology 

Contains 

Original Articles , Abstracts, Reviews and Discussions 

in all branches of APPLIED GEOLOGY 

PRICE OF SUBSCRIPTION IN UNITED STATES, $3,00 ANNUALLY 

W. S. Bay LEY, Business Editor 

University of Illinois, URBAN A, ILL. 



Phillips Back Bay Express 

BAGGAGE TRANSFERRED TO ALL STATIONS 

TWO MEN ON EVERY TEAM 

Furniture Packed and Moved. Freight Work of all kinds 

promptly attended to. Special Teams Furnished 

for any kind of work 

Telephone 978 Back Bay 

32 COURT STREET 34 ST. JAMES AVENUE 

144 



ADVERTISEMENTS OF 

FIRMS UNDER MANAGEMENT OF 

TECHNOLOGY ALUMNI 



STONE & WEBSTER 

CHARLES A. STONE, '88 EDWIN S. WEBSTER, 88 RUSSELL ROBB, '88 

HENRY G. BRADLEE, '91 ELIOT WADSWORTH 



STONE & WEBSTER ENQINEERINQ CORPORATION 

CONSTRUCTING ENGINEERS 

DWIGHT P. ROBINSON, '92 President and General Mana^rer 

HOWARD L. ROGERS, '93 Vice-President and Treasurer 

GEORGE O. MUHLFELD Construction Manager 

FRED N. BUSHNELL Engineering Manager 

THORNDIKE H. ENDICOTT P^irchasing Agent 



STONE & WEBSTER MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION 

GENERAL MANAGERS OF PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATIONS 

HENRY G. BRADLEE, '91 President 

FREDERICK S. PLATT Vice-President 

GUY E. TRIPP Vice-President 

CHARLES F. WALLACE, '92 . . Vice-President 

HENRY B. SAWYER Treasurer 



Abbott, Fred H. 


'05 


Gifford. Ralph P. 


'02 


Allen, Elbert G. 


'GO 


Grant. Leslie R. 


'04 


Bentley, William P. 


'04 


Guptill. Frank P. 


'96 


Bleecker, John S. 


'98 


Hall. R. G. 


'97 


Blood. William H., Jr. 


'8i< 


Harding. Reynold M. 


'05 


Bouscaren, L. H. G., Jr. 


'04 


Harris. Charles H. 


'01 


Buchanan, L. B. 


93 


Heath, Arnold W. 


'08 


Burroughs. Karl 


'00 


Hollender. Carl E. 


'08 


Butler, Arthur F. 


'02 


Holmes. Bradford B. 


'08 


Carty. M. W. 


'04 


Horton. I. C. 


'84 


Chase, Wendell W. 


'97 


Hunt. Harry H. 


'89 


Cheney, Nathan 


'94 


Huntoon. E. J. B. 


'89 


Collins, B. R.T. 


'88 


Keeling. Thomas C. 


'07 


Conant, Franklin N. 


'00 


Kellogg. Charles W., Jr. 


'02 


Cooper, Edgar B. 


'05 


Learned, E. F. 


'97 


Cornell, Worthington 


'98 


Loomis, Warren W. 


'05 


Cutter, George A. 


'95 


Lukes. Joseph B. 


'92 


Dabney, Frank 


'75 


Mitchell, George LeR. 


'01 


Daniels, Nathan H., Jr. 


'96 


Munroe. Harold K. 


'06 


Dow, Willard W. 


'01 


Munroe, Walter N. 


'06 


Eames, Jesse J. 


'02 


Morse. J. R. 


'02 


Farnsworth, Arthur J. 


'94 


Nash, Luther R. 


'94 


Ferris, Cyrus Y. 


'04 


Nelson, Edwin E. 


'02 


(ialaher, Francis B. 


'02 


Parsons, Gait F. 


'06 


Galusha, D. L. 


'04 


Pease, Maurice H. 


'07 






Place. Alfred G. 


'08 



Pratt, A. Stuart '84 

Priest. George H. '99 

Randall, Fred C. '02 

Randall, John R. '07 

Reid, Joseph G. '08 

Reyburn. J. Randolph '08 

Rogers. Gardner '02 

Rounds, George W. '89 

Shaw. Albion W. '98 

Sloss, Alexander C, Jr. '08 

Sohier, Louis A. '00 

Sohier, Walter '03 

Sperry, Marcy L. '00 

Staples. Percy A. '06 

Steel. Edward T. '06 

Sturtevant. William I. '01 

Sullivan. R. T. '04 

Sweetser. Philip S. '04 

Tuell. Samuel B. '03 

Wallon. L. Arthur '05 

Webber. Thomas G. '06 

Weeks. Lester S. '08 

Wetterer. Chas. F. W. '06 

Wilson. A. H. '01 

Woodsome. James C. 'ul 



146 



DU PONT 

EXPLOSIVES 



The Name Guarantees the Quality 



E. I. DU Pont de Nemours 
Powder Company 

Established 1802 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 



147 



(( 



Standard 
Rifles 



^^ 



HIGH POWER HAMMERLESS 
SELF-OPERATING AND 




HAND-OPERATED 

TAKE-DOWN 

REPEATERS 



.25-35 
.30-30 
•32 and 
.35 



A 

Big Game 

Rifle must be 

one to be depended 

on as well as accurate 

The ** STANDARD '^ 

will stand the test 



They are the Highest Grade made 

and have many independent points of 

superiority 

ADVANCE CATALOGUE NOW READY 

WRITE FOR A COPY 



THE SIGN 



OF QUALITY 



Standard Arms Company 

101 F STREET 

WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, U.S.A. 

148 



THE PRODUCTION OF 




UNIVERSAL 
PORTLAND 
CEMENT 





Output of 


Percentage of 




Universal 


total American 




Portland 


output of Port- 


Year 


Cement-bbls. 


land Cement 


1900 


32,000 


0.38% 


1901 


164,000 


1.29% 


1902 


319.000 


1.85% 


1903 


463,000 


2.08% 


1904 


473,000 


1.78% 


1905 


1.735,000 


4.92% 


1906 


2,076.000 


4.55% 


1907 


2.129,000 


4.36% 


1908 


4.535.000 


8.89% 


1909 


*6.000,000 




♦Estimated. 







Additional capacity now under construc- 
tion will give us an output of 8,000,000 
barrels for 1910. 

UNIVERSAL 
PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 

CHICAGO — PITTSBURG 

EDWARD M. HAGAR, M. I. T. '93, Pre»ident 



I.lQ 



ASBESTOS CENTURY SHINGLES 

Combine 

beauty and permanency in the highest degree 
reached in building materials — they are absolute- 
ly fire-proof and weather-proof. Let us tell 
you more about th^se wonderful Shingles, and 
also about 

ASBESTOS PROTECTED METAL 

the fire-proof siding and roofing especially 
adapted for large surfaces 

NIGHTINGALE & CHILDS COMPANY 

205 Congress Street, Boston, Mass. 

H. N. DAWES. M. I. T., '93. Vice-Pres. 



The Roebling Construction 

Company 

FIRE-PROOF CONSTRUCTION 
WIRE LATH AND EXPANDED METAL 



New York San Francisco 

Chicago 



150 



Arthur D. Little, inc. 

Laboratory of Engineering Chemistry 

93 BROAD STREET, BOSTON 

A. D. LITTLE '85. President H. S. MORK '99, Treasurer 

H. J. SKINNER '99. Vice-President F. A. OLMSTED '03, Secretary 

The purpose of this organization of CHEMISTS and ENGINEERS 
is that of securing to its clients INCREASED INDUSTRIAL 
EFFICIENCY in material and processes. In addition to its general 
service covering Inspection, Analyses, Physical and Electrical 
Tests, and Technical Reports, the laboratory is prepared, through 
its large staff of specialists, to undertake any work involving the 
application of chemistry to industry 

CHAS. T. Main, 76 ( Course II) 

ENGINEER 

45 MILK STREET, BOSTON. MASS. 

Charles H. Bigelow, '92. Course VI William E. Evans, '93, Course IV (partial course) 

Fred B. Cole. '88. " II James E. Lynch, Jr.. '05. Course II 

James H. Tebbets, '05, Course II 

Plans, specifications and supervision for construction of textile 
mills and other industrial plants, water power and steam power 

developments 

Earthwork Road Building Masonry Construction 

G. A. Sawyer Jr. Company 

6 BEACON ST., BOSTON, MASS. 

Landscape Contracting 



BOSTON 



NEW YORK 



PHILADELPHIA 



Hammond, Boynton Paint and Chemical Company 

Main Office and Factory : Norwich, Connecticut 



FEROX 

IS A PAINT OF 

STANDARD 

PURITY AND ^^ 

QUALITY 







3FEROX 




FOR THE 

PROTECTION 

OF IRON AND 

WOOD 



Z^^^"^' 



PROTECTIVE PAINT 



B. HOSMBR HAMMOND, V "99 



Robb-Mumford Boiler Co. 

MANUFACTURE 

Horizontal Return Tubular, Manning 

Internally-Fired and Water-Tube Boilers 

Sheet Iron Work 



SALES DEPT. 
131 STATE STREET 
Boston, Masi. 



WORKS 
SO. FRAMINGHAM 
Mass. 



F. H. KEYES '93. General Manager 



152 



Sullivan Machinery Co. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Mining and Quarrying Machinery 

Frid'k K. Copeland. '76. President Thomas W. Fry, '85. Secretary 

Matt. Brodie. '02 A. Y. Hoy. '04 

Local Manager, Salt Lake City Northwest'n Rep've, Spokane, Wash. 

J. R. O'Hara. Jr.. '06 
Local Manager. Birmingham, Ala. 

Attached to Claremont. N. H., office and factory, G. W. Bateman, '03, 
Samuel Seaver. '06. A. Hicks. '06. H. VV. Buker. '06. Attached to 
New York Sales Office, R. M. Field. '03. J. H. Brown Jr.. '05. L. R. 
Chadwick. '06. D. VV. Clark. '08. Attached to Knoxville Sales Office, 
W. H. Donovan. '03. Attached to Joplin Sales Office, A. F. Belding, '05. 

AIR COMPRESSORS 

CHANNELING MACHINES 

COAL CUTTERS 

DIAMOND DRILLS 

FANS 

HAMMER DRILLS 

HOISTS 

ROCK DRILLS 




Branch Offices 
Birmingham, Ala. Johannesburg Rossland 



Butte 
Claremont, N. H. 
Cobalt. Ont. 
Denver 
El Paso 



Joplin. Mo. St. Louis 

Knoxville San Francisco 

New York Seattle 

Pittsburg Salt Lake 

Paris. France Spokane 



DIAMOND PROSPECTING 
CORE DRILL 



Sydney. N. S. Wales 




TWO-STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR 



SULLIVAN MACHINERY CO 

Railway Exchange : CHICAGO, ILL. 



153 



A BEAUTIFUL 
DISPLAY 



An Invitation to Visitors 



•11 Our store at this time presents an almost 
enchanting appearance — an artistic wonderland, 
where the magnificence of every article of stock 
gives the idea of a richly executed scheme of 
decoration, rather than of a commercial in- 
stitution. 

<jl Lovers of the truly beautiful — those who 
appreciate fully the almost incomparable rich- 
ness of the master worker's art in Porcelain, 
Pottery, Glassware, and Lamps — will spend many 
gratifying hours among these collections. 

€[I Visitors in Chicago are cordially invited to 
call and inspect our great displays. 



BURLEY & TYRRELL GO 

The Exclusive CHINA Store 
of America 

118 and 120 WABASH AVENUE 
CHICAGO, ILL. 



154 



